Unit 3 Test Flashcards
Congress of Vienna
1814-1815. Made to keep France in check and stabilize Europe after the Napoleonic wars. Was at Vienna, Austria. Changed borders of many countries and helped lead to WW1.
Russo-Japanese war
A war between Russia and Japan. This happened because Russia and Japan wanted Manchuria(an area in the Korean empire). Russia lost because Japan has been rapidly militarizing.
October Manifesto
To quell the social unrest and strikes in Russia, Tsar Nicholas signed the October Manifesto. It created an elected legislative assembly called the Duma, guaranteed civil liberties, and made constitutional reforms.
Russian Provisional Government
Formed after the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II. Lasted for 8 months. Overthrown in October of 1917 by the Bolsheviks lead by Lenin in now whats called the October Revolution.
Russian Constituent Assembly
Lasted for one meeting, then the Bolsheviks dissolved it. Held elections in November 1917 and held its meeting in January 1918. Many of its officials disagreed with Lenin, which is why it was dissolved.
Reforms of 1815 to 1848
Reform and activism heated up after 1815 despite the Congress of Vienna’s efforts.
Reforms of 1815 to 1848: December 1825
Aristocrats tried to overthrow Tsar and put his older brother on the throne. This failed and many were killed.
Reforms of 1815 to 1848: Second French Revolution
Started after Charles X of France ushered in strict censorship and other things. Street protests broke out in the “Three Glorious Days” and They installed king Charles’ cousin Louis-Phuluppe as king and created a constitutional monarchy.
Reforms of 1815 to 1848: Lyon Strike
Silk workers in Lyon went on strike, seized the city’s arsenal, and got put down.
Reforms of 1815 to 1848: the Carbonari
The Carbonari is a secret society aiming for constitutional government in parts of Italy, directed uprisings in 1820 and 1830 but it got put down.
Reforms of 1815 to 1848: Serbia and Greek independence
The Serbians became an independent principality under the Ottomans in 1817 after an uprising in 1815. Greeks won complete independence from the Ottomans in 1831.
Reforms of 1815 to 1848: Peterloo Massacre
The British Parliament raised the price of grain by passing the Corn Laws. This led to protests and one in St Peters field, Manchester, police shot into the crowd, killed and wounded many. This was followed by the draconian Six Acts that allowed government searches, prohibited large assemblies, and punished anti-government publications in Britain
Reforms of 1815 to 1848: Acts of Union
In 1801, a series of laws joined Ireland with the rest of Great Britain called the Act of Union.
Reforms of 1815 to 1848: Catholic Discrimination in Italy
Catholic property were confiscated in Italy because of discrimination. An Irish activist formed the Catholic association that allowed Catholics to have high positions.
Reforms of 1815 to 1848: Great Reform Act of 1832
eliminated “rotten boroughs” that is districts where aristocrats would become members of parliament by birthright. Gave representation to new industrial cities. More men got the right to vote and established minimum rent
Industrial Revolution
Started in Great Britain in 1760 and spread to other countries. This started because of the Agricultural revolution and technological innovations. The industrial revolution revolutionized all aspects of life.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Signed at Brest-Litovsk(now in Belarus) in 1918. Russia gave Germany a lot of land(including Poland) and withdrew from the war. Russia signed the treaty because they were losing very badly.
MAIN
Militarization
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
Militarism
the belief that a country should have a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote its interests
Alliances
an agreement between two or more countries to support each other during war
Imperialism
a policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
Nationalism
identification with one’s own nation and support for its interests
Napoleon Bonaparte
Was a general in the French Revolution and then eventually became emperor of France and fought with the rest of Europe during the Napoleonic wars. Reigned from 1800 to 1815.
Otto von Bismark
Prime minister of Prussia and unified Germany. Later became the Chancellor of Germany. The foremost practitioner of Realpolitik.
Karl Marx
Co-authored the communist manifesto with Fredrick Engels. He advocated for a classless society where everything is collectively owned, communism.
Fredrick Engels
Co-authored the communist manifesto with Karl Marx.
Ivan III
Also known as Ivan the Great. Asserted independence from the Mongols and expanded Russia’s power.
Ivan IV
Also known as Ivan the Terrible. He was an innovative leader in the beginning. He broke the power of the nobility, punished the enemy’s of tsar. He established absolute control of the tsar by using terror, secret police, and the suspension of law
Vladimir Lenin
Caused a split in the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party and made his own faction, the Bolsheviks. Embraced the revolutionary ideas of Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels. Played a key role in the October Revolution. Promised the people peace, land, and bread.
Bolsheviks
Led by Vladimir Lenin, and was more radical than the Bolsheviks. Overthrew the Provisional Government in the October Revolution and created the Soviet government.
Mensheviks
More moderate then the Bolsheviks and supported a more gradual change rather then a radical revolution.
The Black Hand
Serbian nationalists who killed Franz Fernandez and started World War One.
Alexander Kerensky
Head of the Provisional government after Tsars reign. Went into exile after the October Revolution.
Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand
Assassinated in Serbia. This is the catalyst for World War One.
Collectivize
Bringing individual owned property under collective ownership and control.
Conscription
Forcing citizens to fight for their country is needed.
Communist Manifesto
The foundational text for the ideas of Communism
