Semester 1 Test (Essay Research)

Question 1

WW1: Trench Warfare

Answer 1

In World War I, soldiers dug extensive trenches across the Western Front, leading to a stalemate characterized by brutal conditions and periodic assaults.

Question 2

WW1: Artillery

Answer 2

Massive artillery barrages softened enemy defenses before infantry attacks, causing widespread devastation and casualties during World War I.

Question 3

WW1: Machine Guns

Answer 3

Widespread use of machine guns such as the Maxim and Vickers drastically increased infantry firepower in World War I, making frontal assaults difficult.

Question 4

WW1: Poison Gas

Answer 4

The introduction of poison gases like chlorine and mustard gas in World War I created terror and inflicted casualties, necessitating the development of gas masks.

Question 5

WW1: Tanks

Answer 5

Introduced later in World War I, tanks provided breakthrough capabilities by crossing trenches and barbed wire obstacles, laying the groundwork for modern armored warfare.

Question 6

WW1: Aerial Warfare

Answer 6

Initially used for reconnaissance, aircraft evolved into fighters and bombers in World War I, engaging in dogfights and bombing raids.

Question 7

WW1: Creeping Barrage

Answer 7

Coordinated artillery bombardment moving ahead of infantry to suppress enemy defenses.

Question 8

WW1: Infiltration Tactics

Answer 8

Small, highly trained groups sneak through enemy lines to disrupt and weaken defenses.

Question 9

WW1: Combined Arms Operations

Answer 9

Integration of infantry, artillery, tanks, and aircraft for coordinated attacks.

Question 10

WW1: Stormtrooper Tactics

Answer 10

German elite units emphasizing speed, surprise, and decentralized command for breakthroughs.

Question 11

WW2: Blitzkrieg Tactics

Answer 11

Germany employed rapid and coordinated attacks using tanks, infantry, and air support to overwhelm enemy defenses, as seen in the invasions of Poland, France, and the Soviet Union in operation Barbarossa.

Question 12

WW2: Aerial Bombing

Answer 12

Both Axis and Allied powers extensively used strategic bombing raids targeting cities, industries, and infrastructure, leading to significant civilian casualties and destruction.

Question 13

WW2: Naval Warfare

Answer 13

Battleships, aircraft carriers, submarines, and naval aviation played crucial roles in controlling sea lanes, conducting amphibious assaults, and engaging in naval battles like the Battle of Midway and the Battle of the Atlantic.

Question 14

WW2: Infantry Tactics

Answer 14

Infantry engagements involved a mix of traditional trench warfare, urban combat, and maneuver warfare, with innovations like combined arms tactics and the widespread use of automatic weapons.

Question 15

WW2: Technological Innovations

Answer 15

Radar, sonar, improved tanks, and aircraft played pivotal roles, as did advances in communications, cryptography, and logistics.

Question 16

WW2: Asymmetric Warfare

Answer 16

Resistance movements, guerrilla warfare, and partisan activities were prominent in occupied territories, particularly in Eastern Europe.

Question 17

WW2: Theater-Specific Strategies

Answer 17

Each theater of the war, including the European, Pacific, North African, and Eastern Fronts, required different strategies and adaptations based on geography, climate, and enemy capabilities.

Question 18

WW2: Nuclear Warfare

Answer 18

The use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki marked a new era of warfare and geopolitical dynamics, leading to the eventual development of nuclear deterrence strategies during the Cold War.

Question 19

WW1: Participants

Answer 19

Allied Powers included: France, UK, Russia, Italy, USA, Japan, and Serbia. Central Powers included: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.

Question 20

WW1: Lead up

Answer 20

Tensions were already high in Europe due to rising nationalism and imperialism which exploded with the assassination of the arch duke. Secret alliances also made the war bigger than expected.

Question 21

WW2: Participants

Answer 21

Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, and Japan.
Allied Powers: France, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and China(to a lesser degree)

Question 22

WW2: Lead Up

Answer 22

Undoing the Treaty of Versailles, rise of totalitarian regimes, and lingering tensions created from WW1 led to WW2. The catalyst was Hitlers invasion of Poland.

Question 23

WW2: Outcome

Answer 23

The outcome was an allied victory after Japan surrendered, the Nuremberg Trials, creation of the United Nations, the division of Germany, and Japanese occupation.

Question 24

WW1: Outcome

Answer 24

The war ended with the armistice and Germany got hit the hardest with the treaty of Versailles. It also redrew European borders and the resentment helped lead to WW2. League of Nations was also created.

Question 25

WW1: Start Date

Answer 25

July 28, 1914

Question 26

WW1: End Date

Answer 26

November 11, 1918

Question 27

1914: WW1

Answer 27

Assassination of archduke Franz-Ferdinand, start of the war.

Question 28

1915: WW1

Answer 28

Second battle of Ypres when German used poison gas for the first time. Gallipoli campaign by the Allies to secure a route to Russia fails.

Question 29

1916: WW1

Answer 29

Battle of Verdun: Massive German offensive against French positions.
Battle of the Somme: Massive casualties on both sides with limited gains.

Question 30

1917: WW1

Answer 30

Resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare led U.S. to join the war, also October Revolution in Russia.

Question 31

1918: WW1

Answer 31

Treaty of Bresk-Litovsk made Russia pull out of the war and Armistice signed with Germany, considered end of war.

Question 32

1919: WW1

Answer 32

Treaty of Versailles signed, officially end of war.

Question 33

1939: WW2

Answer 33

Germany invaded Poland, starting WW2

Question 34

1940: WW2

Answer 34

Germany defeats France

Question 35

1941: WW2

Answer 35

Germany invades USSR, Japan bombs Pearl Harbor, leading the U.S. to join the war

Question 36

1942: WW2

Answer 36

Allies win at Midway and invades North Africa

Question 37

1943: WW2

Answer 37

Allies invade Italy and Italy surrenders

Question 38

1944: WW2

Answer 38

D-Day invasion, allies liberate Paris

Question 39

1945: WW2

Answer 39

Hitler commits suicide, Yalta Conference, Japan gets nuked, Japan surrenders, WW2 ends.

Question 40

Yalta Conference(1945)

Answer 40

A conference to decide the reorganization of Europe, including what to do with Germany, creating the United Nations, and what to do with Poland.

Question 41

Potsdam Conference(1945)

Answer 41

Finalizing the plans for the post-war occupation of Germany and boundaries of post-war Europe.

Question 42

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 42

Ended World War I; imposed heavy penalties on Germany, redrew European borders, and established the League of Nations.

Question 43

Fourteen Points

Answer 43

A statement by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson outlining his vision for a post-war world based on principles such as self-determination, freedom of the seas, and disarmament.

Question 44

Atlantic Charter(1941)

Answer 44

A joint declaration by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill outlining their goals for the post-war world, including self-determination for all peoples and the establishment of a system of collective security.