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Global History 1 > Unit 2 Test > Flashcards

Unit 2 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Nicholas Copernicus

A

Responsible for the Heliocentric theory

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2
Q

Johannes Kepler

A

Responsible for coming up with how the planets rotate.

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3
Q

Galileo Galilei

A

Perfected the telescope and manufactured it

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4
Q

Issac Newton

A

Comes up with the laws of gravity and motion and was the founder of physics.

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5
Q

William Harvey

A

Comes up with the blood circulatory system

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6
Q

Rene Descartes & Francis Bacon

A

Comes up with the scientific method

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7
Q

What was the enlightenment?

A

The Enlightenment was a movement of intellectuals who were greatly impressed with the accomplishments of the Scientific Revolution

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8
Q

What did the intellectuals believe because of Newton?

A

People of the Enlightenment thought that if they follow Newtons rules of reasoning, then they could discover the natural laws that govern society.

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8
Q

What did John Locke’s do that contributed to the Enlightenment?

A

John Locke’s made a big impact as he wrote the ¨ Essay Concerning Human Understanding¨He denied the existence of innate ideas and implied that people were molded by their environment.

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9
Q

Montesquieu

A

Father of the idea of separation of powers

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10
Q

Voltaire

A

Well known for his criticism of traditional religion and his strong attachment to the ideal of religious toleration, freedom of speech, and he also believed in the separation of church and state. Also championed Deism.

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11
Q

Diderot

A

most famous contribution to the enlightenment was the Encyclopedia, or Classified Dictionary of the sciences, arts, and trades.

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12
Q

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

A

Most well known for the Social Contract. Rousseau found an answer in the concept of the social contract where a society is governed by its general will. Also wrote the novel Emile, a very important work on education in the Enlightenment

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13
Q

Cesare Beccaria

A

wrote a book called On Crimes and Punishments in which he argues against brutal punishments where he argued that A person accused of a crime should receive a fair and speedy trial, Torture should never be used, and the Death sentences should be abolished.

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14
Q

Joseph II

A

Reformed his country with enlightened ideas. His successors undid many of his reforms.

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15
Q

Catherine II the Great

A

Invited Diderot, but did not use his ideas. Favored the nobility and the peasants revolted. Crushed the rebellion and gained a lot of land during her reign.

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16
Q

Fredrick II or Fredrick the Great

A

A believer that the king is the “first servant of state”
Also enlarged the Prussian army and made many enlightened reforms.

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17
Q

What is Absolutism?

A

The king is said to have a divine right to the throne.

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18
Q

Divine Right Theory

A

The king’s divinity allowed for his regime to be free from tyranny of anarchy because what he did was necessarily correct.

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19
Q

Absolute Monarch

A

The King has full power and no restrictions.

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20
Q

Humanism

A

Places prime importance into humans rather than divine beings.

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21
Q

What is the Renaissance?

A

A cultural, artistical, and intellectual movement that spread throughout the late 14th century

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22
Q

T in TULIP

A

Total Depravity: People are naturally sinful

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23
Q

U in TULIP

A

Unconditional Election: God chooses who is saved

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24
Q

L in TULIP

A

Limited Atonement: Jesus sacrifice is only for a chosen few

25
Q

I in TULIP

A

Irresistible Grace: Gods grace ensures that the chosens believe.

26
Q

P in TULIP

A

Perseverance of the Saints: Once chosen, they stay saved.

27
Q

Protestant Reformation

A

A religious reform movement that divided the western christian church into Catholic and Protestant groups.

28
Q

Counter reformation

A

The Catholic Churches response to the protestant reformation.

29
Q

Scientific Revolution

A

Revolutionized science

29
Q

Reconquista

A

Christian states fought to recapture territory from Muslims(Moors) and won

30
Q

Inquisition

A

A series of institutions from the church used to combat heresy. The most famous was the spanish inquisition where they persecuted the Jews and other minorities.

31
Q

Predestination

A

The belief that some events, such as a persons destiny, is predetermined by a divine power.

32
Q

Conversos

A

Converted; Jews who accepted Christianity

33
Q

Papal Bull

A

Charter issued by a Pope

34
Q

Auto da fé

A

act of faith; elaborate public expressions of the inquisition were presented before a large crowd and the proceedings had a ritualized. Almost festive quality.

35
Q

Moriscos

A

Spanish Muslims who converted to Christianity

36
Q

Jesuits

A

Restored Catholicism to parts of Germany and Eastern Europe. Also spread to Asia.

37
Q

Huguenots

A

French Protestants who followed the teachings of John Calvin and faced religious persecution and wars. Granted some rights with the Edict of Nantes but was revoked and got kicked out.

38
Q

Puritans

A

Protestants in the 16th and 17th century that sought to purify the church of england from what they believed to be Roman Catholic practices and traditions

39
Q

King Henry VIII

A

Separated the church of england from the roman catholic church. Married 6 times.

40
Q

Council of Trent

A

A group of high officials that met in the city of Trent and reformed the Roman Catholic Church

41
Q

Elizabeth I, Philip II, and he Spanish Armada

A

Philip II invaded england and Elizabeth I defended it and won the battle.

42
Q

Acts of Supremacy

A

Made the king the supreme head of the church.

43
Q

Jan Huss

A

Leader of the Czech Reform Movement, studied Wycliffe’s work, and burned at the stake at the Council of Constance

44
Q

Printing Press

A

Had a tremendous impact on society as it made books more affordable, encouraged the desire to attain knowledge and the development of scholarly research

45
Q

Calvin and Calvinism

A

Calvin placed much emphasis on the all-powerful nature of God and created the idea of predestination. Like Luther, believed that faith is the key to salvation.

46
Q

Martin Luther and Lutheranism

A

Believed that faith is the key to salvation and this became the primary doctrine of the protestant reformation. Wrote the 95 theses that was aimed at the selling of indulgences.

47
Q

Desiderius Erasmus

A

popularized the reform program of Christian Humanism, whose goal is to reform Christendom and believed that people were able to improve themselves.

48
Q

John Wycliffe

A

Promoted the first completed translation of the church
In 1378 - began attack on beliefs and practices of the church. Preached that the Church should forfeit its wealth

49
Q

Anabaptists

A

advocated adult baptizing rather than infant. Each church choose their own minister. Believed in the total separation between church and state. Refused to bear arms or take political office. Regarded as dangerous radicals.

50
Q

Saint Ignatius of Loyola

A

Founded the Jesuits

51
Q

Thomas de Torquemada

A

A vicious grand inquisitor that was responsible for the radical repression of minorities in the Spanish Inquisition.

52
Q

Original Sin

A

The concept that all humanity inherits the state of sin and separation from God because of Adam and Eves disobedience

53
Q

Catherine of Aragon

A

First of six wives of Henry the 8th and got divorced because she couldn’t produce a male heir.

54
Q

Anne Boleyn

A

2cd wife; influential in Henrys decision to turn from the Catholic Church

55
Q

Mary I

A

England’s first female ruler and betrothed to her cousin, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.

56
Q

Proto Renaissance

A

The period before the Renaissance that laid the groundwork for it by reviving the interest in the art and culture of ancient Greece and Rome..

57
Q

Age of Exploration

A

European powers decided to explore new territories in Africa, the Americas, and Asia in the 15th to early 17th century

58
Q

Great Works of the Renaissance

A

Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci, Sistine Chapel by Michelangelo, The school of Athens by Raphael, the last supper by Leonardo da Vinci, Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare.

59
Q

Glorious Revolution

A

A revolution in England that ended without much bloodshed. Made the parliament in charge and appointed William and Mary to the throne who accepted along with the provisions of a bill of rights that affirmed the parliament’s right to levy taxes and make laws.

60
Q
A

Global History 1 (7 decks)

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