Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Global History 1 > Semester 1 Test (Midterms) > Flashcards

Semester 1 Test (Midterms) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards Global History & Geography Regents flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q

Justinian Code

A

A legal code written by scholars under emperor Justinian of the Byzantine Empire.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ancient Greece Trade

A

Ancient Greece traded through the Mediterranean sea with countries like Egypt. They traded pottery, olive and olive oil, wine, metal and metalwork, and grains and agriculture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ancient Greece Exploration

A

Ancient Greece explored new territories with people Pythias who explored the northern world like Britain and the North Sea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ancient Greece Expansion

A

Greece expanded all the way from Greece to India with the help of Alexander the Great.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Great Greek Philosophers

A

Aristotle was a philosopher and pioneered many fields and was considered one of the first genuine scientists. Plato was a philosopher who wrote “The Republic” and had a profound impact on western philosophy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Roman Trade

A

The Romans imported Grains, spices, and luxury goods. They exported olive oil, wine, metals, and marble. Additionally, the trade of slaves was significant in Ancient Rome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Roman Exploration

A

The Romans explored areas around the Black Sea with the help of Pompey, a roman general. They also explored Germaina with emperor Augustus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Roman Expansion

A

The Romans expanded with war after war and eventually conquered the Mediterranean Sea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Holy Roman Empire

A

The Holy Roman Empire started with the crowning of Charlemagne as the first Holy Roman Emperor. It lacked a central authority and the king was often a ceremonial title. It ended after Emperor Francis II disbanded it in the Napoleonic Wars.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Eastern Orthodox Church

A

A branch of Christianity separated after the East-West Schism. Does not recognize the pope as the supreme authority, rather a council of bishops. Also has a different view of the original sin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Roman Catholic Church vs. Eastern Orthodox Church

A

The Roman Catholic Church recognizes the pope as the head, while the Eastern Orthodox Church does not. They also have differences in the view of the original sin. They split during the Great Schism in 1054.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fall of Western Roman Empire

A

Fell in 476 CE when the last emperor, Augustulus was disposed of by the Germanic tribes. A factor that leads to their fall is corruption and the inability to protect their vast empire.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fall of Byzantine Empire

A

It fell in 1453 CE when the Ottoman empire broke through the walls of Constantinople. It was invaded and been in a lot of wars, weakening it and eventually leading to its fall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fall of Ottoman Empire

A

Economic challenges, military defeats, and the lack of technological advancements compared to the rest of Europe led to its demise after WW1 ended.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mercantilism

A

Policy created by Jean Baptiste Colbert. Believed that there was only so much wealth in the world and for one country to win, another must lose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Holocaust

A

A systematic genocide by Nazi Germany against the Jews and other minorities. Millions of people died in the Holocaust and were subject to mass shootings, forced labor, and medical experiments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Communism

A

A socio-economic and political ideology that advocates for a classless society where the means of production are commonly owned and wealth is distributed evenly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Capitalism

A

An economic and political system where private individuals or business own and control the means of production and operate for profit with limited government intervention and competition determines prices.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Genocide

A

the deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular nation or ethnic group with the aim of destroying that nation or group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

League of Nations

A

Proposed by the U.S. but didn’t join after congress disapproved. It sought to promote peace but lacked the power to enforce it. It lead the groundwork for the United Nations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

United Nations

A

An international organization created by many nations, this time including the U.S. It promotes global peace, security, and addresses humanitarian issues. Serves as a stage for nations to collaborate with each other.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

A

A military alliance formed by U.S. Canada, and many Western European nations on April 4, 1949 to protect themselves, primarily from Russia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Warsaw Pact

A

A military alliance created on May 14, 1955 by the Soviet Union with its satellite states. This served as a counter to NATO and the west.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Iron Curtain

A

It was coined by Winston Churchill in 1946 and it symbolizes the division between west and east Europe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Containment

A

A Cold War foreign policy by the U.S. to try to stop the spread of Communism to other countries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Domino Theory

A

The theory that when one country falls to communism, others around it will too.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Alexander the Great

A

One of the best military commanders in history and became king of Macedonia (an independent kingdom in Greece). He expanded his lands all the way to India, before he had to turn back. He created a empire that blended Greek and Persian cultures, also knows as the Hellenistic Empire.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Adam Smith

A

Wrote the Wealth of Nations that fought for free markets that the government wont tamper with.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Joseph Stalin

A

Rose to power after Vladimir Lenin and outmaneuvered his political opponents and became General Secretary and eventually became leader of Russia. He implemented rapid industrialization of Russia and the Great Purge. He also played a huge role in Soviet Victory in WW2 and contributed to the Cold War.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Friedrich Engels

A

Partnered with Karl Marx and wrote the Communist Manifesto

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Winston Churchill

A

Prime minister of the UK during WW2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Otto von Bismarck

A

Foremost practitioner of Realpolitik, played a major role in the Unification of Germany, and became chancellor of the German Empire.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Voltaire

A

Believed in freedom of religion, expression, and separation of church and state. He also championed Deism, which depicted God as a mechanic and the universe as a clock.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

John Locke

A

Author of the “Essay Concerning Human Understanding.” Believed that people were molded by their environment and by changing the environment. Also believed in life, liberty, and property. Urged the people to revolt against a tyrannical government.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Louis XIV

A

Also known as the sun king. Built the palace of Versailles and centralized the power of the French Monarchy. Engaged in many wars and was an absolutist. Lived in the 17th-18th century.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Vladimir Lenin

A

Led the Bolshevik party and overthrew the Russian government in the Russian Revolution, ended Russian involvement in WW1 and established the USSR. Also embraced the revolutionary ideas of Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Adolf Hitler

A

Founder and leader of the Nazi party who took control of Germany, started WW2 and the Holocaust, and betrayed the USSR and invaded them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Franklin D. Roosevelt

A

Implemented the New Deal that helped pull the U.S. out of the Great depression. Also introduced key reforms, like social security.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Czar Nicholas II

A

The last emperor of Russia and abdicated in 1917 in the Russian Revolution. He had tons of military failures, including the war with Japan.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Rousseau

A

Wrote the Social Contract where a society is governed by its general will. Wrote the novel Emily which was very influential on education in this period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Proposed the idea of the social contract where individuals give up certain freedoms for a powerful sovereign authority. He also believed in absolute monarchy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Vasco da Gama

A

A Portuguese explorer who pioneered the first trade routes from Europe to India, reshaping global trade and navigation in the late 15th century.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Karl Marx

A

Father of the Communist Manifesto, created communism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Benito Mussolini

A

Founder of Italian Fascism and rose to power with the march on Rome. Became Prime Minister and eventually Duce of Italy. He established an authoritarian regime and was thrown out of power by his own council.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Douglas MacArthur

A

Played a major role in the Pacific Theater in WW2 and the Korean War and led to the occupation of Japan.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Alexander II

A

An emperor of Russia famous for implementing major reforms such as the emancipation of the serfs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Montesquieu

A

Wrote the Spirit of Laws which established the idea of checks and balances. Many of his ideas were brought on to the U.S. constitution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Martin Luther

A

A 16th century German theologian who sparked the Protestant Reformation when he wrote the 95 theses, challenging the Catholic Churches practices. He believed that faith was the key to salvation instead of good works. His influence shaped Lutheranism and Protestantism, leaving a huge impact on Christianity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

End of the Middle Ages

A

The fall of Constantinople in 1453 marked the end of the middle ages and the beginning of the Renaissance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

The Black Death

A

A plague that wiped out 30-50% of Europe. Had profound implications on all aspects of life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Renaissance

A

Spanned from the 14th to 17th century, was a period of cultural and intellectual revival in Europe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Enlightenment

A

Spanning 17th to 18th century, a period that focused on individual rights, reason, and science. It was also a period where people questioned traditional authority (absolute monarchies).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Protestant Reformation

A

Led by Martin Luther, challenged the Catholic Church’s practices, emphasizing doctrines like justification from faith alone. This lead to a new branch of Christianity called Protestantism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Counter Reformation

A

This was the Church’s attempt at stopping the Protestant Reformation. They established the Jesuits, held the Council of Trent, and reaffirmed key Catholic doctrines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Scientific Revolution

A

A period in the 16th-17th century where significant progress to science, mathematics, and philosophy occurred.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Scientific Method

A

A step by step process used by scientists, and sometimes historians, to solve problems.

57
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

Started in the UK and spread to other countries. It brought a radical shift from agrarian to an industrial economy.

58
Q

Colonialism and Imperialism

A

Colonialism is the establishment and control of colonies by a foreign power. Imperialism is a policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

59
Q

WW1 Participants

A

Allied Powers included: France, UK, Russia, Italy, USA, Japan, and Serbia. Central Powers included: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.

60
Q

WW1 military strategy/inventions/etc.

A

Trench warfare, naval blockades by UK, tanks, chemical weapons, submarines, first use of bombers.

61
Q

WW1 Lead up and outcome

A

Tensions were already high in Europe and exploded with the assassination of the arch duke. Secret alliances also made the war bigger than expected. The war ended with the armistice and Germany got hit the hardest with the treaty of Versailles. It also redrew European borders and the resentment helped lead to WW2.

62
Q

WW2 Participants

A

Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, and Japan.
Allied Powers: France, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and China(to a lesser degree)

63
Q

WW2 New Military strategies/inventions/etc.

A

Blitzkrieg tactics, island hopping, combined arms tactic(combined infantry, tanks, planes, and artillery), invention of jet propulsion, radar technology first used and advanced, and the atomic bomb.

64
Q

WW2 Lead Up and Outcome

A

Undoing of the Treaty of Versailles and rise of totalitarian regimes led to WW2. The catalyst was Hitlers invasion of Poland. The outcome was an allied victory after Japan surrendered, the Nuremberg Trials, creation of the United Nations, the division of Germany, and Japanese occupation.

65
Q

Cold War Commencement

A

The Cold War commenced when the alliance between the USSR and U.S began to deteriorate. Tensions rose as ideological, political, and economic differences emerged between the East and West.

66
Q

Major Issues with the Cold War

A

The Cold War was marked by Ideological, political, and economical issues and differences between the USSR and the U.S.

67
Q

Wars Withen the Cold War

A

Korean War, the Vietnamese War, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Afghan-Soviet War.

68
Q

What Brought the Cold War to an End

A

The collapse of the Soviet Union brought the Cold War to an end. It collapsed due to economic problems and Mikhail Gorbachev

69
Q

Cold War Space Race

A

A race between the U.S. and the Soviet Union for space exploration. The USSR launched the first satellite, but the U.S. won by landing people on the moon.

70
Q

Cold War Nuclear Arms Race

A

A race between the U.S. and the Soviet union to get the most and best nukes. This lasted from the end of WW2 to the collapse of the Soviet Union

71
Q

WW1 Start Date

A

July 28, 1914

72
Q

WW1 End Date

A

November 11, 1918

73
Q

Louis XVI

A

King during the French Revolution. Supported the Americans during their revolution, but it bankrupt them and there wasn’t enough food for the peasants, who overthrew him

74
Q

WW2 Start Date

A

September 1, 1939

75
Q

WW2 End Date

A

September 2, 1945

76
Q

Nicholas Copernicus

A

Responsible for the Heliocentric theory

77
Q

Johannes Kepler

A

Responsible for coming up with how the planets rotate.

78
Q

Galileo Galilei

A

Perfected the telescope and manufactured it. Also made huge contributions to physics and astronomy

79
Q

Issac Newton

A

Comes up with the laws of gravity and motion.
Founder of Physics

80
Q

William Harvey

A

Comes up with the blood circulatory system

81
Q

Rene Descartes & Francis Bacon

A

Comes up with the scientific method

82
Q

Fredrick the Great

A

Very well educated and cultured and enlarged the Prussian army greatly. Also made many reforms such as mostly abolishing torture and granting a limited amount of free speech and press.

83
Q

Joseph II

A

Sweeped away everything in the path of reason and made many reforms. His successors undid many of his reforms. Ruler of the Holy Roman Empire.

84
Q

Catherine the Great

A

A brutal ruler who favored the nobility of Russia. Crushed the peasant revolts in 1773-75.

85
Q

Beccaria

A

Argued for a speedy trial, abolishment of death penalty and torture. His ideas made it into the bill of rights we have today.

86
Q

Great Schism(1378 to 1417)

A

Split within the Catholic Church which created 3 popes.

87
Q

East–West Schism

A

Permanently separated Christianity into two churches - the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church

88
Q

Yalta Conference

A

A conference to decide what to do with Germany, creating the United Nations, and Poland’s future.

89
Q

Congress of Vienna

A

1814-1815. Made to keep France in check and stabilize Europe after the Napoleonic wars. Was at Vienna, Austria. Changed borders of many countries and helped lead to WW1.

90
Q

Russo-Japanese war

A

A war between Russia and Japan. This happened because Russia and Japan wanted Manchuria(an area in the Korean empire). Russia lost because Japan has been rapidly militarizing.

91
Q

October Manifesto

A

To quell the social unrest and strikes in Russia, Tsar Nicholas signed the October Manifesto. It created an elected legislative assembly called the Duma, guaranteed civil liberties, and made constitutional reforms.

92
Q

Russian Provisional Government

A

Formed after the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II. Lasted for 8 months. Overthrown in October of 1917 by the Bolsheviks lead by Lenin in now whats called the October Revolution.

93
Q

Russian Constituent Assembly

A

Lasted for one meeting, then the Bolsheviks dissolved it. Held elections in November 1917 and held its meeting in January 1918. Many of its officials disagreed with Lenin, which is why it was dissolved.

94
Q

Reforms of 1815 to 1848: December 1825

A

Aristocrats tried to overthrow Tsar and put his older brother on the throne. This failed and many were killed.

95
Q

Napoleon Bonaparte

A

Was a general in the French Revolution and then eventually became emperor of France and fought with the rest of Europe during the Napoleonic wars. Reigned from 1800 to 1815.

96
Q

Ivan III

A

Also known as Ivan the Great. Asserted independence from the Mongols and expanded Russia’s power.

97
Q

Ivan IV

A

Also known as Ivan the Terrible. He broke the power of the nobility, punished the enemy’s of tsar. He established absolute control of the tsar by using terror, secret police, and the suspension of law

98
Q

October Revolution

A

Bolshevik party took over key government buildings and overthrew the provisional government

99
Q

February Revolution

A

Demonstrators took to the streets of Petrograd and Nicholas II abdicated and the Duma formed a provisional government.

100
Q

Russian Civil War

A

Civil war broke out in Russia after the October Revolution. This was between the red army(Bolshevik) and white armies(rebels). Bolsheviks won and Lenin created the Soviet Union.

101
Q

Estates General

A

Summoned by Louis XVI to address financial crisis, leading to the formation of the National Assembly

102
Q

Tennis Court Oath

A

Oath taken by the National Assembly to draft a New Constitution, refusing to disband until they do so.

103
Q

Storming of the Bastille

A

Symbolic event, marking the people’s defiance against royal authority and the beginning of widespread unrest.

104
Q

Women’s March on Versailles

A

Protest over food shortages; royal family forced to move to Paris, demonstrating the power of the people.

105
Q

Constitution of 1791

A

Established a constitutional monarchy, limiting the king’s powers and introducing a representative government.

106
Q

Reign of Terror

A

Radical phase led by the Committee of Public Safety; mass executions, including that of Louis XVI. Led by Robespierre.

107
Q

Execution of Marie Antoinette

A

Symbolized the end of the monarchy and heightened revolutionary fervor.

108
Q

Robespierre’s Execution

A

Marks the end of the Reign of Terror; Robespierre’s radical leadership comes to an abrupt and violent conclusion.

109
Q

Napoleon’s Rise

A

Coup d’état by Napoleon Bonaparte ends the Revolution; leads to the establishment of the Consulate and later the French Empire.

110
Q

Crusades

A

A set of religious wars authorized by the Church to recapture Holy Lands from Islamic control.

111
Q

Cause of the English Reformation

A

King Henry VIII’s desire to divorce Catherine of Aragon and the Church denied his request started the English Reformation.

112
Q

Acts of Supremacy

A

Henry declared himself the head of the Church of England and breaking from the authority of the pope.

113
Q

Dissolution of Monasteries

A

Henry disbanded Catholic monasteries, seizing their wealth and property.

114
Q

Feudalism

A

A system in which people were given land and protection by people of higher rank, and worked and fought for them in return

115
Q

Manorialism

A

Economic system tied to manors; peasants worked the land in exchange for protection.

116
Q

Catholic Church Influence

A

Dominated religious, cultural, and political life; served as a unifying force.

117
Q

Hundred Years’ War

A

Conflict between England and France; marked by Joan of Arc’s influence.

118
Q

Magna Carta

A

Document limiting the power of the monarch, laying foundations for constitutional law.

119
Q

Urbanization

A

Rapid city growth created due to the need for workers at large factories.

120
Q

Berlin Conference

A

European powers divided Africa, setting the stage for the Scramble for Africa

121
Q

Scramble for Africa

A

Intense period of European colonial expansion into Africa.

122
Q

WW2 Paris Peace Treaties

A

Treaties with Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Finland, and Hungary. Addresses territorial changes and reparations.

123
Q

Tripartite Pact

A

Military alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan to counter the Allies.

124
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

Ended World War I; imposed heavy penalties on Germany, redrew European borders, and established the League of Nations.

125
Q

Treaty of Trianon

A

Dealt with Hungary after World War I; diminished its territory and population, contributing to political and economic instability.

126
Q

Treaty of Brest-Litovisk

A

Between Soviet Russia and Central Powers; ended Russian participation in World War I, ceding significant territories to Germany.

127
Q

Treaty of Neuilly

A

Dealt with Bulgaria after World War I; imposed territorial losses, military restrictions, and reparations, affecting Bulgaria’s economy and politics.

128
Q

King Henry VIII

A

English monarch in the 16th century. Separated from the Catholic Church to divorce his wife. Dissolved Monasteries, took their land and wealth. Declared himself the head of the English Church.

129
Q

1914-WW1

A

Assassination of archduke Franz-Ferdinand, start of the war.

130
Q

1917-WW1

A

Resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare led U.S. to join the war, also October Revolution in Russia.

131
Q

1918-WW1

A

Treaty of Bresk-Litovsk made Russia pull out of the war and Armistice signed with Germany, considered end of war

132
Q

1919-WW1

A

Treaty of Versailles signed, officially end of war.

133
Q

1939: WW2

A

Germany invaded Poland, starting WW2

134
Q

1940: WW2

A

Germany defeats France

135
Q

1941: WW2

A

Germany invades USSR, Japan bombs Pearl Harbor, leading the U.S. to join the war

136
Q

1942: WW2

A

Allies win at Midway and invades North Africa

137
Q

1943: WW2

A

Allies invade Italy and Italy surrenders

138
Q

1944: WW2

A

D-Day invasion, allies liberate Paris

139
Q

1945: WW2

A

Hitler commits suicide, Yalta Conference, Japan gets nuked, Japan surrenders, WW2 ends.

Global History 1 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions