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ZOEY NUR 111 Unit 3 > Unit 3 Study Guid > Flashcards

Unit 3 Study Guid Flashcards

1
Q

what anemia has these manifestations?

Lhermittes sign

Numbness, tingling, burning in hands or feet

Altered mood status (confused, dementia)

Depression/confusion

Mood swings

Coordination and balance

Impaired balance/taste, stinging sensation on the tong

Verbal disturbances

A

B12

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2
Q

What anemia has these medications

injections

Oral supplementation

A

B12

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3
Q

what anemia has these manifestations?

Glossitis ( smooth, shiny toung)

Koilonychia (spoon shaped nails)

A

Iron dificiency anemia

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4
Q

what anemia has these manifestations?

Mood changes

Increased bleeding risk

Neural tube defects in infants

A

folic acid

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5
Q

what anemia has these manifestations?

Frequent infections

Bruising

Nosebleeds

Gum bleeding

A

Aplastic anemia

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6
Q

what anemia has these manifestations?

Jaundice

Dark urine

Splenomegaly

A

G6PD

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7
Q

what anemia has these manifestations?

Pruritis

Facial flushing

Splenomegaly

Vison problems

Weight loss

Nose bleed

Bleeding gums

Hypertension

thromboembolism

A

Polycythemia

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8
Q

WHAT FOOD CONTAINS IRON?

A

BEATS

BEANS; LIMA, LAGUNES

CLAMS

DATES

DARK GREEN VEGETABLES

DRIED NUTS

ENRICHED AND WHOLE GRAIN CEREALS

FORTIFIED BREADS AND CERIALS

MEAT

    Heart  

    Liver

OYSTERS

SPINIACH

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9
Q

WHAT FOOD CONTAINS VITAMIN B 12

A

MEAT

EGGS

DAIRY PRODUCTS

SEAFOOD

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10
Q

WHAT FOOD CONTAINS FOLIC ACID

A

DARK GREEN VEGETABLES

DRIED BEANS, LEGUMES

FORTIFIED CERIAL

NUTS

BRAN

YEAST

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11
Q

labs to confirm anemia

Woman

Hematocrit

Hemoglobin

A

Hematocrit= 36%-48%

Hemoglobin= 11.7-15.5

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12
Q

labs to confirm anemia

Men

Hematocrit

Hemoglobin

A

Hematocrit= 42%-52%

Hemoglobin 14-17.3

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13
Q

what anemia has these manifestations?

Dietary sources of folate/ folic acid

Immediately report any clinical manifestations of fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness, and confusion

Prenatal teaching

Need for supplementation

A

…

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14
Q

what anemia has this epidemiology?

Inadequate dietary intake

A

folic acid

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15
Q

what anemia has this epidemiology?

Develops due to

  1. bone marrow depression or damage or damage
  2. Acquired secondary to infetions like hepatitis & HIV
  3. High dose radiation (chemotherapy)
  4. Inherited bone marrow dysfunction
A

aplastic anemia

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16
Q

what anemia has this Management/Treatment

Blood transfusion- primary treatment

Bone marrow transplant from an HLA- matched sibling doner

Stimulating bone marrow production with neupogen,epogen

Over 60yrs immunosuppressive therapy is preferred

A

aplastic anemia

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17
Q

what anemia has these complications?

70% mortality rate

Hemorrhage & infection due to decreased platelets and WBC

Risk of GVD due to bone marrow transplant

A

aplastic anemia

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18
Q

what anemia has this PERFERED treatment

Bone Marrow Transplant is the PERFERD treatment

From a HLA-matching doner

A

aplastic anemia

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19
Q

what anemia has this diagnosis?

Heinz bodys blood smear

(Accumulation of deragated Hbg in RBCs)

A

G6PD

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20
Q

what anemia has this epidemiology?

Occurs in response to the body’s hypoxic state

Occurs from high altitudes and heavy smoke

WBC/platelet counts remain normal in the presence of the increased RBC production

A

secondary polycythemia vera

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21
Q

whiach anmeia has this medical managment?

Reduce hyperviscosity and prevent hemorrhage

Therapeutic phlebotomy to remove blood and reduce viscosity

A

polycythemia vera

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22
Q

what is the purpose of radiation in polycythemia vera?

A

to suppress bone marrow production

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23
Q

which anemia has this management?

Obtain routine CBCs

Increase fluid intake

Ensure adequate rest

Elevate lower extremities when sitting

Modify cardiovascular risk factors

A

polycythemia vera

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24
Q

what can the treatment of therapeutic phlebotomy cause?

A

iron deficiency

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25
Q

which anemia has decreased production of plates by the bone marrow increased platelet destruction ?

A

Thrombocytopenia

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26
Q

which anemia has these manifestations?

Ecchymosis

Brusing

Petechiae

Bleeding from nose, gums, GI tract, brain

A

Thrombocytopenia

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27
Q

which anemia has these complications?

Risk of hemorage

Spontanious bleeding

A

Thrombocytopenia

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28
Q

which anemia has this action

mplement bleeding precautions

Minimize blood loss from lacerations or venepunture

Avoid intramuscular injections

Avoid rectal temperatures, enemas, suppositories, douches

Provide a safe nvironment

Unse minimal inflation when assesing blood presure

Minimize blood draws

A

Thrombocytopenia

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29
Q

what anemia has this etiology

Group of bleeding disorders in which, although thrombocytopenia may be present, clotting factors VIII and IX are inadaquate.

A

hemophilia

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30
Q

what anemia has this manifestations?

Spontanious bleeding

Bleeding in muscles and joints

A

…

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31
Q

What happens to the older client’s PTT, RBCs as they age?

A

Bonemarrow ages and fewer blood cells are produced

of RBC, Hgb, Hct levels are reduced wich contributes to fatgue

Body water decreases= less fluids in the blood stream with decreased fluid volume lower levels of plasma proteins

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32
Q

Female Values

RBC
Hematocrit
Hemoglobin
WBC 
Neutrophils
A

RBC= 3.61 - 5.11

Hematocrit= 36-48%

Hemoglobin= 11.7-15.5

WBC

Neutrophils

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33
Q

Male Values

RBC
Hematocrit
Hemoglobin
WBC 
Neutrophils
A

RBC= 4.21-5.81

Hematocrit= 42-52%

Hemoglobin= 14-17.3

WBC= 4.5-11.1 (4,500-11,000)

Neutrophils= 59%, bands 3%, segs 56%

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34
Q

What evaluates the effectiveness of Warfarin (coumadin)

A

PT/INR

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35
Q

What are the ranges of

PT
INR

A

PT= 10-13 seconds

INR=

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36
Q

What does aPTT monitor?

A

it monitors the response to thrombin inhibitor therapy

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37
Q

Where is folic acid absorbed

A

Jejunum

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38
Q

What is a coenzyme in the DNA Synthesis & RBC

A

Vit b 12

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39
Q

What anemia has this as a diagnostic test

Serum ferrin levels

A

IDA

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40
Q

Where is Iron absorbed

A

Duodenum

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41
Q

What is necessary for all maturation and replication of cells

A

fOlic acid

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42
Q

how does unstable angina present its self?

A

may present with nonspecific or transient ST segmant depresions or elevations

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43
Q

what does a ST segment depression indicate?

A

ischema

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44
Q

what does a ST segment elevation indicate?

A

injury

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45
Q

what does a Q wave idicate?

A

its a diagnostic for MI

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46
Q

Normal value for

choleterol

A

less than 200 mg

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47
Q

Normal value for

low density lipopanels

A

less than 100

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48
Q

Normal value for

highdensity lipoprotiens

A

grater than 40-60 mg

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49
Q

Normal value for

triglycerides

A

less than 150 mg

50
Q

Normal value for

glucose

A

65-99

51
Q

Normal value for

homocysteine

A

4.4-10.8 mm

52
Q

Normal value for

platelets

A

150,000-400,000

53
Q

Normal value for

fibrinogen levels

A

200-400mg

54
Q

Normal value for

prothrombin levels PT

A

10-13 seconds

55
Q

Normal value for

partial thromboplastin PTT

A

25-23 seconds

56
Q

Normal value for

international normalized ration INR

A

more than 2.0

57
Q

Normal value for

ck-mb

A

0-3 ng

58
Q

Normal value for

troponin

A

less than 0.4ng

59
Q

Normal value for

myoglobin

A

0-85 ng

60
Q

Normal value for

brain natriuretic peptide BNP

A

less than 100pg

61
Q

what are

lisinopril (Zestril),

losartan (Cozaar)

A

ACE inhibitors

62
Q

what are

nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia),

A

Calcium channel Blockers

63
Q

what are

atorvastatin (Lipitor),

simvastatin (Zocor)

A

statins,

64
Q

what drug is

reduce total cholesterol when used for an extended period. Statins reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver and increase clearance of LDL from the blood.

This group of medications is contraindicated in patients with active liver disease or during pregnancy because of the possibility of causing muscle myopathies and marked decreases in liver function.

A

Statins

Examples:

atorvastatin (Lipitor),

simvastatin (Zocor)

65
Q

what drug is

Used when patients cannot tolerate beta blockers or in patients with HF Lowers blood pressure and increases blood flow through the coronaries Also prevents coronary artery spasms in Prinzmetal’s/variant angina

A

Calcium channel blockers

Examples:

nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia),

66
Q

what drug is

Reduces blood pressure, which decreases workload and oxygen demands Particularly beneficial in patient with HTN, diabetes, renal disease, and heart failure

A

ACE inhibitors and ARBs- after load

Examples:

lisinopril (Zestril),

losartan (Cozaar)

67
Q

what drug

control sympatheric nervous system responce. help with work load.

A

beta blockers

68
Q

what drug

A

dioxin

69
Q

aldosterone antagonist diuretics- aldectone-not for renal -hyperkalemia-

lupe diaretics- lasiks- hypokelemia
perosomide

A

preload stretch of the heart after diastole

70
Q

ace inhibitors- end in prill- dry cough

angiotipten receptor blockers ARB-
vasodilators-varsartan

vasiodialator. isophril

calcium chanel blockers

A

after load- resistance with in the vasculature

71
Q

what looks at streching of the heart in hart faiulure

A

BNP

72
Q

what kind of angina is

Chest pain or discomfort associated with physical activity

Liked to fixed plaque formation as is predictable

Symptoms alleviated with rest/ medications

Nitrate= nitroglycerin, dilate the artery

A

stable angina

73
Q

what kind of angina

Chest pain that occurs at rest

Is the initial phase of Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

Caused by acute decrees in blood flow through the coronaries to the myocardial tissue.

Precursor to MI

A

unstable angina

74
Q

what medications serve this disease?

Nitrates- vasodilators

Nitroglycerin (tridil, nitrostat) = dilate the coronary arteries, improving oxygen-rich blood flow to the heart

Can be given to reduce afterload

Asprine

Morphine

Betablockers/calcium channel blockers

Satin medicaton- reduce cholesterol and plaque

A

angina

75
Q

what kind of disease has this managment?

Stop and rest

Nitroglycerin tabs

Put under tongue

Do not exceed more than 3 doses 5 minutes apart

A

angina

76
Q

what kind of disease has this description?

variation of unstable angina

Blockage caused by coronary artery spasm not plaque formation

A

prinzmetal’s angina

77
Q

what disease is this?

Plaque within the lumen of the vessels, is the principal cause of obstruction to blood flow

begins with an injury to the endothelium that causes an inflammatory response

A

atherosclerosis

78
Q

what disease has this teaching SATA

Medication regimen

Angina management

Bleeding precautions

Risk factor reduction

When to call emergency services

Encourage cardiac rehabilitation

A

CAD

79
Q

what disease has this managment/

Administer oxygento keep saturation grater than 93%

Obtain ECG with the occurance of chest pain

Administer nitroglycern as ordered

Administer asprin as ordered

Administer morphine as ordered if nitroglycerin dos not relieve pain

Administer beta blockers/ calcium blokers

A

CAD

80
Q

what disease has this risk factor?

Modifiable

Non modifiable

Higher in Caucasian men

Hispanic woman

Posmenopausal woman

A

CAD

81
Q

what disease has this purpose

Supplemental oxygen optimizes oxygen delivery to the myocardium

Cardiac dysrhytmias, especialy tachycardia, and anxiety increse myocardial oxygen consuption

A

CAD

82
Q

what deasease has this teaching?

Medication regimen

Angina management

If angina occurs stop activity. Take nitroglyceryn tabs. Do not exceed 3 doses 5 min apat.

Bleeding precautions if on anticoagulants

Risk factor reduction strategies: physical activity, blood pressure management, healthy diet/weight loss, smoking cessation, decreased alcohol consumption, control of glucose

When to call providers or emergency services

Encourage participation in cardiac rehabilitation for ACS patients after PCI or CABG.

A

CAD

83
Q

what kind of risk are these?

Cigarette smoking

High total cholesterol, high LDL level, low HDL levels, and high triglycerides

Hypertension

Diabetes

Obesity, particularly central obesity

Sedentary lifestyle/physical inactivity

Stress

excessive alcohol consumption

A

modifiable

84
Q

what kind of risk are these?

Gender

Race

Age older than 45 for men

Genetics/family history

Being postmenopausal

A

non modifiable

85
Q

what drug is this?

Losartan (cozaar)

Reduces blood presure, wich decresed work load and oxygen demands

Particularly benificial in patient with HTN, diabetes, renal disease and heart failure

A

ACE inhibitors

86
Q

what drug is this?

Nifedipine (adalt,procardia)

Amlodipine (norvasc)

Used when patient cannot tolorate beta blockers or in patietns with HF

Lowers blood presure and increased blood flow through the coronaies

Also prevents coronary artery spasims in prinzmetal’s variant angina

A

Clacium channel blockers

87
Q

what drug is this?

Atrovanstain (lipitor)

Simvanstain (zocor)

Reduce total cholesterol when used for an extended epriod of time

They reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver and increse clearance of LDL from blood

A

Statins

88
Q

what disease has this teaching?

green leafy vegetables contain Vitamin K wich is the antidote for warfarin.

when achieving therapeutic range for the INR, a change in the consuption of green leafy vegetables will change the anticoagulation effects in the body

A

deep vain thrombosis

89
Q

what medication had this as a goal?

before the annitiation, it is drawn and then repeated every 4-6 hrs to monitor therapy.

The therapeutic goal is 1.5-2.5 tomes the normal value, or 40 to 90 seconds

id the aditional medication is less than designated therapeutic level, and additional bolus may be given along with an increase in the rate of inusion

A

herapin therapy.

therapeutic goal of aPTT

90
Q

what disease has this epidimology? SATA

65 years or older

African american

Overweight

The development of

CAD

Hypertension

Diabetes millitus

Metabolic syndrome

Obesity

Smoking high sodium diatery intake

A

Heart failure

91
Q

what disease has this epidimology?

Heart is unable to pump effectively

A

Heart failure

92
Q

what disease is

Progressive disease charecterised by myocardial cell dysfunction, resulting in th eability of the heart to pump enough cardiac output to meat the demands of the body

S3 sound means heart failure is getting worse

A

heart failure

93
Q

CBC

Serum electrolytes, urine analysis, glucose level, fasting lipid profile, liver function testing, renal function testing

Cardiac biomarkers

A

heart failure

94
Q

what are these called?

Troponin I/T- used to rule out acute ischemic event

BNP, N-terminal, are increased because of overstretching of the heart

A

cardiac biomarkers

95
Q

what disease has this medication?

Beta blockers

-Used to control the sympathetic nervous system in hf to decrees cardiac workload

Aldosterone antagonist diuretics

-Decrease preload in patients with fluid retention

A C E inhibitors

-Used to control RAAS compensatory response and reduce after load

Calcium channel blockers

-Should be avoided

Digoxin

-Used to increase cardiac contractability and reduce heart rate

A

heart failure

96
Q

what disease has this managment?

Symptom monitoring

Medication adherence

Lifestyle changes

Daily weight taken to monitor fluid retention

Sodium restricted diet

A

heart disease

97
Q

what disease has these actions?

Oxygen therapy

Elevate head of bed

Administer medication as ordered

Fluid and sodium restriction

A

heart disease

98
Q

what diease has these manifestations?

  1. Sudden onsent of symptoms that require immidiate attention
  2. Stable with treatment and management
A

Acute heart failure

Chronic heart failure

99
Q

in what side of the heart does biventricular failure occure?

A

both sides

100
Q

in what side does this back flow of blood cause

Shortness of breath or dyspnea or orthopnea

Crackles on auscultation

Pale color, weak pulses, cool temperature in extremities

Fatigue, weakness

A

left

101
Q

in what side does this back flow of blood cause

Jugular vein distention

Dependent edema

Hepatomegaly

ascites

A

right

102
Q

what desease has this teaching?

  1. no smoking of cigarrettes or other tobacco products
  2. maintain normal body weight

Excesise for at least 150 min with moderate intensity activity, or 75 min of vigorus- intensity activity or a combination per week

Eat a healthy diet that follows the curret american heart assosiation recommendations

Mailtain cholesterol levels less than 200mg/dl

Keep BP less than 120/79

Keep fasting glucose less than 100mg/dL

A

Mayo cardinal infraction

103
Q

what are the AHA SIMPLE 7

A
  1. no smoking of
  2. maintain weight

Excesise 150-70 min per week

Eat a healthy diet that follows the curret american heart assosiation recommendations

Mailtain cholesterol levels less than 200mg/dl

Keep BP less than 120/79

Keep fasting glucose less than 100mg/dL

104
Q

what disease has this list of medications?

MONA

Morphine

Oxygen

Nitriate

Asprin

A

Mayocardial infarction

105
Q

what disease has this medication?

Oxygen- pation with less than 90% SPo

Sublingual nitroglycerine (SL)-dialate coronary arteries, if in 3 doses it does not work you must then start and IV nitroglycerine

Asprin- prevent blood clots

Morphine sulfate- for pain

Additional medication;

  • Beta blockers would not be used in a patient with right coronary MI
  • Herapin- to prevent clot formation
A

mayocardial infraction

106
Q

what disease has this medication?

IV nitroglycerin

Morphine sulfate

β-adrenergic blockers

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

Antidysrhythmia drugs

Cholesterol-lowering drugs

Stool softeners

A

mayocadial infraction

107
Q

what disease has this medication and what is this medication?

protiens expresed in the heart- marker of cadiac damage. Can stay elevated form 4hrs to 10 days

A

Troponin T/I-

108
Q

what disease has this medication and what is this medication?

general marker of cellular injury, it asses muscle damage, 3-36 hrs

A

Creatine kinase (CK)

109
Q

what disease has this medication and what is this medication?

isoenzyme marker specific to cardiac tissue- asses mayocardial damage

A

CK-MB-

110
Q

what disease has this characteristics?

No elevation in cardiac markers

Maypresent with nonspecific or transient ST segment depresions or elevations

A

Unstable angina

111
Q

what disease has this characteristics?

ST depresions (0.5mm at least) or T wave inversions (1.0) mm at least) without Q waves in 2 contiguous leads with prominent R waves or R/S ratio>1

A

Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infraction

112
Q

what disease has this characteristics?

Elevated cardiac markers

ST elevations

A

ST Elevation Myocardial Infraction

113
Q

what blood pressure is

systolic Less than 120 mm Hg

diastolic and less than 80 mm Hg

A

normal

114
Q

what blood pressure is

systolic 120–129 mm Hg

diastolic and less than 80 mm Hg

A

elevated

115
Q

what blood pressure is

systolic 130–139 mm Hg

diastolic or 80–89 mm Hg

A

stage 1 hypertensive

116
Q

what blood pressure is

140 mm Hg or higher

or 90 mm Hg or higher

A

stage 2 hypertensive

117
Q

what blood pressure is

systolic Higher than 180 mm Hg

diastolic

and/or higher than 120 mm Hg

A

hypertensive crisis

118
Q

what kind of diet has this food

grain and grain prducs
fruits
vegetables
low fat non dary foods
lean meats, fish poultry
nuts,seeds, legumes
A

hypertensive dash diet

119
Q

what disease has a bruits sound?

A

hypertension

120
Q

what high levels indicate an increased risk for atherosclerosis.

target level is is less than 100

A

LDL

121
Q

what low levels

indicate an increased risk for atherosclerosis.

A

HDL

ZOEY NUR 111 Unit 3 (8 decks)

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