Unit 3 ANEMIAS chapters Flashcards
what is cobalamin
when the body has inadequate sources of vitamin b12 or malabsorption disorders.
what deficiency impairs
RBC production, with a resulting decrease in tissue perfusion
vit b12
what is only found in meat products
B12
What its required for normal function if the CNS, RBC, REGULATION OF DNA
B12
what anemia has this diagnostic test
CBC
Physical examination
MMA level ( methyl malonic acid)
Gastrin levels
Intrinsic factors levels
Schillings test- radio nuclear 24 hr urine test
b12
what anemia has these At-Risk Groups
Gastrointestinal restrictions
Autoimmune disorders
Chrones disease
Celiac desiease
Medication that decreases gastric secreations
Low socioechonomic satus
vegan
b12
what anemia has these Medications?
injections
Oral supplementation
B12
what anemia has this Diet Teaching
Animal protiens
Meat
Seafood
Eggs
Dairy products
b12
what anemia has this Complications
Impairs DNA synthesis and RBC production
Orthostatic hypotension
b12
In what anemia is “blank” needed for DNA synthesis & maturation of heme?
folic acid
what anemia has this Diagnostic Test
CBC
Serum folate levels- a fasting blood test
RBC folate level
Increased Serum MMA- best test to diagnose this deficiency
Homocysteine levels- best test to diagnose this deficiency
FAD
what anemia has these At-Risk Groups
Pregant woman
Children 1>
Older adults with chronic iilness
Alchoholics
Extreme diets
Rheumatoid arthritis patients who take methotrexate
Patiets on hemodialysis
FAD
what anemia has this Medication
Fortified cerial and grains
Oral supplementation
FAD
what anemia has this
Diet Teaching
Green leafy vegatables
Bran
Yeast
Legumes
nuts
FAD
what anemia has this Complications
During pregnancy= fetal neural tube defects, congenetal orofacial abnormalities
Spinabifeda, cleft palate and lip, neural tube defects
nterefere with th eformation of heme
Increase immune dysfunction
Impair thrmoregulation
In pregnancy= low birth weight, preterm labor, post partum mortality
Infant born with neuro tube defects or oreo facial abnormalities
FAD
what anemia Develops due to bone marrow depression or damage
Aquired secondary to infetions like hepatitis & HIV
Aplastic anemia
what anemia has this Diagnostic Test
CBC- reveal pancytopenia, decreased reticulocyte, WBC, platelet counts.
Coagulation test- due to the potential for thrombocytopenia
Iron levels
Hemoglobin electrophresis
Aplastic anemia
wich anemia has this At-Risk Groups
20-25
Older than 60
Males in asia
Aplastic anemia
what anemia has this Medication
Blood transfusion- primary treatment
Bone marrow transplant from an HLA- matched sibiling doner
Stimulating bone marrow production with neupogen,epogen
Over 60yrs immunosuppresive therapy is perfered
aplastic anemia
what anemia has this Complications
70% mortality rate
Hemorrhage & infection due to decreased platelets and WBC
Risk of GVD due to bone marrow transplant
aplastic anemia
what anemia has this outcome?
Stable cbc and platelets counts, with the absence of infection and bleeding
aplastic anemia
what anemia has this etiology?
Hereditary disorder that leads to hemolysis when the patient is exposed to specific food, medication, stress, infections
G6PD
what anemia has this diagnostic testing?
CBC
Reticulocyte count
Blood smear analysis for Heinz bodies
DNA testing & sequencing
G6PD
what anemia has this
At-Risk Groups
Blacks
Men
G6PD
what anemia has this Medication
Prevention- avoid foods and medications that cause hemolysis
Blood transfusion-
Folic acid
Splenectomy- enlarged spleen due to frequent episodes of hemolysis
G6PD
what anemia has this Complications
Splenomegaly- elevated numbers of lysed RBS circulating through the spleen
Anemia
Kidney damage
Newborns
* Bilirubin brain disorder
* Kernicterus
* Jaundice
G6PD
what anemia has
An increase in the production of RBCs
Disorder of the bone marrow in wich there is an increase production of RBCs
Polycythemia vera
what anemia occurs because of the bodys hypoxic state
High altitudes
Heavy smoke
secondary polycythemia vera
what anemia causes a mutation of JAK 2?
polycythemia vera
what anemia has this Diagnostic Test
complete history
Physical exam
CBC
Erythropoitein level
Blood semar
Bone marrow biopsy
Genetic testing
polycythemia vera
what anemia has this At-Risk Groups
Men more than woman
60 yrs or older
Exposure to radiation
People inhigh altitutes
People inheavy smoke
polycythemia vera
what anemia has this Medication
Therapeutic phlebotomy
350-500 mL a day
Radiation
To supress bone marrow
Antiplatelet medication
asprin
polycythemia vera
what anemia has this Diet Teaching
Quit smoking
Avoid extreame temperatures
Guard against injury and drinking
Drink 3 L of fluid a day
Avoid tight clothing
polycythemia vera
what anemia has this Complications
Thombosis
Leads to pulmonary infraction
Hemorage
Gatrointestinal hemorage
Acute myelogenous anemia
Heart failure
polycythemia vera
which anemia runs the risk of hemorage because of
Reduced number of platelets
Below avarage range 150,00-450,000
an is a complication of other disorders
Thrombocytopenia Hemophilia
what anemia is a hereditary disorder carried by females on the X chromosome
but manifestation occures only in males
Thrombocytopenia Hemophilia
what anemia has this etiology?
Decreased production of platelets by the bone marrow or increased platelet distruction
Malignacy
Infections
Certain medications
Autoimmune disease
Viral infection or immunisation inchildren
Thrombocytopenia Hemophilia
what anemia has this Diagnostic Test
CBC
Bone marrow biopsy
PPT
Clotting facotors
Blood smear
Thrombin time
Thrombocytopenia Hemophilia
what anemia has these At-Risk Groups
Children
*.As a viralinfection
Pragnacy
*Low platelet count may develop in 3rd trimester aka gastational thrombocypenia
African decent
obease
Thrombocytopenia Hemophilia
what anemia has this Medication
Glucocorticoids
Increase platelet count
splenectomy
Splene is the primary cite of platelet distruction
Replace missing clotting factors
Stop heparin administration
Do not use warfarin
Approved annticuagolents
Thrombocytopenia Hemophilia
what anemia has this Complications
Risk of hemorage
Thrombocytopenia Hemophilia
