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ZOEY NUR 111 Unit 3 > Unit 3 ANEMIAS Powerpoint & Powerpoint lecture > Flashcards

Unit 3 ANEMIAS Powerpoint & Powerpoint lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of erythrocytes?

A

respiration

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2
Q

What is the life span of a RBC

A

120 days

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3
Q

What is anemia?

A

A deficiency in the number of erythrocytes RBCs

A deficiency in the quantity of Hemoglobin volume of the packed RBCs

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4
Q

What is the function of the RBC?

A

Transport oxygen from the lungs to systemic tissues

Carry carbon dioxide from the tissue to the lungs

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5
Q

What are the causes of anemia?

A

Decreased RBC Production

Blood Loss

Increased RBC Destruction

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6
Q

Anemia can be classified as (2)

A

Morphologic

etiologic

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7
Q

What are the integumentary (skin) manifestations of anemia

A

Pallor= low hemoglobin & blood flow to the skin

Jaundice= high concentration of serum bilirubin

Pruritus= high serum and skin bile salt concentration

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8
Q

What are the two cardiopulmonary manifestations of anemia

A

Results from additional attempts by heart and lungs to provide adequate O2 to the tissues

Cardiac output maintained by increasing the heart rate and stoke volume

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9
Q

Wich anemia is one of the most common chronic hematological disorders?

A

Iron-deficiency anemia

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10
Q

What accounts for 2/3 of the bodies iron?

A

heme

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11
Q

What is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency in the world

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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12
Q

What does every living cell contain?

A

Iron

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13
Q

What is essential to the formation of the hemoglobin molecules on RBCs?

A

Iron

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14
Q

What causes iron deficiency anemia? (2)

A

Inadequate dietary intake

Malabsorption

Blood loss

Hemolysis

pregnancy

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15
Q

Where does iron absorption occur?

A

In the duodenum

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16
Q

What anemia has these manifestations?

Decreased hemoglobin levels

Pallor

Glossitis

Cheilitis

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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17
Q

Which anemia has this management?

Diagnosis through blood test

Adjust diet?

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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18
Q

Which anemia has these diagnostic studies?

Laboratory findings

Stool guac test

Endoscopy

Colonoscopy

Bone marrow biopsy

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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19
Q

Which anemia has these at risk groups?

Premenopausal woman

Pregnant woman

Persons from low socioeconomic backgrounds

Older adults

Individuals experiencing blood loss

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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20
Q

Which anemia has these management?

Diet teaching

Supplemental iron

Discuss diagnostic studies

Emphasize compliance

Iron therapy for 2-3 months after hemoglobin levels return to normal

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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21
Q

Which anemia has this collaborative care?

Goal is to treat the underlying disease causing reduced intake or absorption of iron

Efforts are aimed at replacing iron

Nutritional therapy

Oral/parental iron supplements

Transfusion packed RBCs

A

IDA (Iron Deficiency Anemia)

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22
Q

Which anemia has this drug therapy?

Oral iron

A

IDA

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23
Q

Which anemia has these complications?

Heart failure

Renal failure

Impaired thermoregulation

Impaired immune function

Psychomotor and cognitive impairment

A

IDA

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24
Q

Which anemia is a group of disorders

Caused by impaired DNA synthesis

A

Megaloblastic anemia

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25
Q

Wich anemia is a result form a deficiency in

Colbalam (Vitamin b12)

Folic acid?

A

Megaloblastic anemia

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26
Q

Which anemia is also called cobalamin?

Vit B12 anemia

A

Vit B12 anemia

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27
Q

Which anemia occurs when the body has inadequate sources of vit. B12 or malabsorption disorders?

A

Megaloblastic anemia

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28
Q

What is a coenzyme in the DNA synthesis of RBC and myelin sheath in the nervous system

Vit B12

A

Vit B12

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29
Q

Which anemia has these as risk factors?

Older adults

GI restrictions

Autoimmune disorders

Crohn’s disease

Celiac disease

Long-term use of medication that decease gastric acids

A

V B12 Anemia

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30
Q

What is necessary for DNA synthesis of RBC?

A

Vit. B12

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31
Q

Which anemia has these clinical manifestations?

Spinal cord degeneration

Peripheral neuropathy

Altered mental status, depression

Visual changes

Tachycardia

Shortness of breath

Dizziness

Fatigue

A

Vit. B12

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32
Q

Wich anemia has the complication of impaired functional ability?

A

Vit B12 Anemia

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33
Q

Which anemia has this assessment & analysis

Anemia s/s is related to decreased RBC production

Neurologic s/s related to impaired DNA syntheses for maintenance of myelin, neurotransmitters, phospholipids

A

Vit. B12 Anemia

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34
Q

Which anemia has this diagnoses?

Inadequate tissue perfusion

Activity intolerance

Chronic pain

A

Vit B 12 anemia

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35
Q

Which anemia has this intervention assessment?

Fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath

Numbness, tingling, burning of heads and feet

Decreased hemoglobin & hematocrit

Fall risk

Intake & output

A

Vit. B12

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36
Q

Wich anemia has these interventions actions?

Ensure adequate “blank “ intake

Administer “blank” therapy

Monitor use of nitrous oxide

Assess pain and activity levels

A

Vit. B12. Anemia

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37
Q

Which anemia has this intervention teaching?

Dietary sources

Need for supplementation

Report clinical manifestations

Prenatal teaching

Radiation for advanced cancers

Actions of acid reducing medication

A

Vit B 12 anemia

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38
Q

Wich anemia has these evaluating care outcomes

Decreased fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath

Normal heart rate and raspatory rate

Normal lab values

Vit B12 anemia

A

Vit B12 anemia

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39
Q

Which anemia has these as risk factors?

Older adults

Chronic illness

Alcohol abuse

Extreme diets

A

Folic acid Deficiency

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40
Q

What is necessary for cell maturation and replication?

A

Folate

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41
Q

Which anemia has this manifestation

Pallor, tachypnea, dizziness, fatigue

Increase risk of bleeding

A

Folic acid Deficiency

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42
Q

What anemia has this treatment

Folate intake

Supplementation

A

Folic acid Deficiency

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43
Q

Wich anemia has these complications?

Confusion

Disorientation

A

Folic acid Deficiency

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44
Q

Wich anemia has this assessment & analyses

s/s related to decreased hemoglobin

A

Folic acid Deficiency

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45
Q

Which anemia has this nursing diagnosis

Inadequate tissue perfusion

Activity intolerance

Risk for delayed development

A

Folic acid Deficiency

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46
Q

Wich anemia has this intervention assessments?

Fatigue pallor, shortness of breath

Confusion, disorientation

Laboratory test

A

Folic acid Deficiency

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47
Q

Which anemia has this intervention action?

Ensure adequate intake

Administer supplements

A

Folic acid Deficiency

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48
Q

Wich anemia has these intervention teachings

Dietary source

Report s/s

Prenatal teaching

Need for supplementation

A

Folic acid Deficiency

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49
Q

Which anemia has this evaluating care outcomes

Increased hemoglobin level

Resolved fatigue and shortness of breath

A

Folic acid Deficiency

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50
Q

Which anemia has

Damage to the bone marrow

Decreased production of red blood cells

A

Aplastic anemia

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51
Q

Which anemia has these manifestations?

Bleeding

Susceptibility to infections

Headache

Dizzy

Pallor

tachycardia

SoB

Fatigue

Aplastic anemia

A

Aplastic anemia

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52
Q

Which anemia has these diagnosis

Laboratory test

          CBC  

          Coagulation studies

Iron levels

        Bone marrow biopsy
A

Aplastic anemia

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53
Q

Wich anemia has this treatment?

Blood transfusion

Bone marrow transplant

A

Aplastic anemia

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54
Q

Which anemia has these as medications

Filgranstim

Epoetin-alfa

A

Aplastic anemia

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55
Q

Which anemia has these complications

Decreased cellular and tissue perfusion

Hemorrhage

Severe infection

A

Aplastic anemia

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56
Q

Which anemia has this assessment and analysis?

Patients as risk for decreased oxygen-carrying capacity

Infection

Bleeding

A

Aplastic anemia

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57
Q

Which anemia has this diagnosis

Activity intolerance

Risk for injury

Risk for infection

A

Aplastic anemia

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58
Q

Which anemia has this intervention assessments

Oxygen saturation

Signs of bleeding

Lab test

Fatigue and pallor

Dizziness and headache

Viral signs

A

Aplastic anemia

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59
Q

Which anemia has these intervention actions?

Provide supplemental oxygen

Administer blood products

Implement bleeding precautions

Protect from injury

Aplastic anemia

A

Aplastic anemia

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60
Q

Wich anemia has this intervention teaching

Avoid exposure to infection

Report temperature elevation

Avoid activities with potential for injury

Clinical manifestations of anemia

Nutritional intake

A

Aplastic anemia

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61
Q

Wich anemia has these outcomes?

Stable ABC & platelets

Absence of infection

Absence of bleeding

A

Aplastic anemia

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62
Q

Which anemia has this epidemiology?

Greater in blacks and men

10-14% of african americans males in the u.s have it

A

G6PD

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63
Q

Which anemia had this pathophysiology?

Premature breakdown of RBCs

A

G6PD

64
Q

Which anemia has these manifestations?

Enlarged spleen

Jaundice

Dark urine

SoB

Tachycardia

Pallor

Fatigue

A

G6PD

65
Q

Which anemia has this diagnosis

Smear for Heinz bodies

Reticulocyte count

CBC

G6PD

A

G6PD

66
Q

Which anemia has this pathophysiology?

Hyperviscosity- thick blood

Increased production of RBCs

A

Polycythemia Vera

67
Q

Which anemia has these manifestations

Blurred vision

Splenomegaly

Difficulty breathing when lying flat

Headache

Weakness

Dizziness

SoB

A

Polycythemia Vera

68
Q

Which anemia has this diagnosis

Genetic testing

Bone marrow biopsy

Lab test

A

Polycythemia Vera

69
Q

Which anemia had this treatment

Prevent hemorrhage

Reduce hyperviscosity

A

Polycythemia vera

70
Q

Which anemia has these complications?

Thrombosis

Hemorrhage

A

Polycythemia vera

71
Q

Which anemia has these NM assessment and analysis

s/s related to

Hyperviscosity

Hypovolemia

Engorgement of capillaries

A

Polycythemia vera

72
Q

Which anemia has this diagnosis

Ineffective tissue perfusion

Activity intolerance

Risk for ineffective coping

A

Polycythemia Vera

73
Q

What anemia has these intervention assessments?

Vision problems

Bone marrow biopsy

Generalized pruritis

Flush of the face

Feeling of fullness in the upper abdomen

Weight loss

Sob, Headache, Dizzy, Fatigue, Vital signs

A

Polycythemia Vera

74
Q

Which anemia has these intervention actions?

Obtain routine CBCs

Increase fluid intake

Ensure adequate rest

Elevate lower extremities when sitting

Modify cardiovascular risk factors

A

Polycythemia Vera

75
Q

Which anemia has this teaching

Clinical manifestations of severe thromboembolic event

Rationale for aggressive hydration

Eat small frequent meals

Observe bleeding precautions

Routine moderate exercise

Regular lab test

Avoid

   Tight, restrictive clothing 

    Extreme temperatures
A

Polycythemia vera

76
Q

Which anemia has this outcome

Prevented or delayed complications

Prevention of major thromboembolic events

Prevention of hemorrhage

A

Polycythemia vera

77
Q

Which anemia has these risk Factors

Malignancy

Infection

Medications

Autoimmune conditions

DIC

A

Thrombocytopenia

78
Q

Which anemia has this pathophysiology

Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura

Hemophilia

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

A

Thrombocytopenia

79
Q

What is hemophilia

A

It’s a deficiency of factor VIII or factor IX

Thrombocytopenia

80
Q

What is a heparin induced thrombocytopenia

A

It is a immune response to heparin

81
Q

When does a idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura occur

A

It occurs Following viral infection or immunization in children

82
Q

Which anemia has this manifestation?

Decreased platelets

Easy bruising

Petechiae

Bleeding

A

Thrombocytopenia

83
Q

Which anemia has this diagnosis?

Coagulation studies

CBC w/ manual differential

Bone marrow biopsy

A

Thrombocytopenia

84
Q

Which anemia has this as Treatment

Resolution of underlying condition

Replacement of clotting factors

Discontinue heparin

A

Thrombocytopenia

85
Q

Which anemia has this complication?

Hemorrhage

A

Thrombocytopenia

86
Q

Which anemia has this assessment and analysis

a/a of low platelets

A

Thrombocytopenia

87
Q

Which anemia has this diagnosis?

Risk for injury

Risk for ineffective therapeutic regimen

Fear

A

Thrombocytopenia

88
Q

Which anemia has this intervention assessment?

Platelet count

Ecchymosis

Petechiae/ purpura

Frank bleeding

A

Thrombocytopenia

89
Q

Which anemia has these Actions

Implement bleeding precautions

Minimize blood loss

Avoid intramuscular injections

Avoid rectal temperatures

Provide safe environment

Use minimal inflation with blood pressure

Minimize blood draws

A

Thrombocytopenia

90
Q

Which anemia has this intervention Teaching

Instruct patient/family on bleeding precautions

Avoid sexual intercourse when platelet count is < 50,000

Necessity of frequent laboratory tests

A

Thrombocytopenia

91
Q

Which anemia has this outcomes

Prevention of hemorrhage

Minimize risk of bleeding

A

Thrombocytopenia

92
Q

What is the normal value for a female

Hemoglobin

Hematocrit

A

Hemoglobin= 11.7-15.5

Hematocrit= 36-48%

93
Q

What is the normal value for a male

Hemoglobin

Hematocrit

A

Hemoglobin= 14-17.3

Hematocrit= 42-52% in male

94
Q

What is the oxygen carrying component of your RBC?

A

Heme

95
Q

What is hemoglobin made up of?

A

Heme

Iron

96
Q

What contains iron?

A

Heme

97
Q

What does the iron bind with?

A

Oxygen

98
Q

Every heme molecule has what in the center?

A

iron

99
Q

What Three alterations in erythropoiesis decrease RBC production?

A

Decreased hemoglobin synthesis

Defective DNA synthesis in RBCs

Diminished availability of erythrocyte precursors

100
Q

What is anemia?

A

Anemia is a decreased number of red blood cells

101
Q

What is hemoglobin

A

Hemoglobin= the number of red blood cells

102
Q

What is hematocrit

A

Hematocrit= volume, how much, of red blood cells

103
Q

What is Anemia is caused by?

A

Decreased rbc production

         * Deficient nutrients     * Decreased erythropoietin

*Decreased iron availability
Blood loss

Increased RBC destruction

104
Q

What is mild, moderate, & severe anemia?

A

What is mild, moderate, & severe anemia?

Mild 10-12

*fatigue

Moderate 6-10

*Cardio pulmonary

Severe less than 6

*Multi systems manifestations

105
Q

What does a person with anemia look like?

A

Pallor

Jaundice

Pruritus – itching of the skin

*Bilirubin of the liver breaks down of your red blood cell.

Bilirubin travels to the liver or the gall bladder before its excreted. With anemia you have increased concentration of the serum bilirubin

Increased destruction of red blood cells causes the increased bilirubin

106
Q

Where does iron get absorbed?

A

Duodenum

107
Q

What can contribute to iron deficiency anemia?

A

Surgery

Remove part of the gut

108
Q

In which anemia does the body not have enough hemoglobin to carry the oxygen to meet the needs of our body

A

Iron deficiency anemia

109
Q

WHAT IS TARRY STOOLS

what causes it?

A

BLACK STOOLS

IRON SUPPLEMIENTS MAKE POOP BLACK

BLOOD IN THE POOP MAKE IT BLACK

110
Q

WHAT FOOD CONTAINS VITAMIN B 12

A

MEAT

EGGS

DAIRY PRODUCTS

SEAFOOD

111
Q

WHAT FOOD CONTAINS FOLIC ACID

A

NUTS

BRAN

YEAST

112
Q

what are the normal values of

RBC

HNH

WBS

SErum iron

Feratin

Tbc= total iron body capacity

Platelets

Pt (bleeding time)

A

RBC

HNH

WBS

SErum iron

Feratin

Tbc= total iron body capacity

Platelets

Pt (bleeding time)

113
Q

Where is iron absorbed?

A

Duodenum

Jejunum

114
Q

what anemia has these complications?

Hear failure

Renal failure

Impaired immune/ thermoregulation

Psychomotor and cognitive impairment

A

iron deficiency anemia

115
Q

What is a megaloblastic anemia?

A

a B12 Anemia

116
Q

WHAT IS PERNICIOUS ANMEIA

A

A LACK OF INTRENSIC FACTOR

PA IS AN AUTO IMMUNE DESEASE THAT LEATS TO THE B12 DEFICIENCY, BUT ITS NOT THE SAME THING!

117
Q

ON TEST

PERNICIOUS ANMEIA A IS AN AUTO IMMUNE DESEASE THAT LEATS TO THE B12 DEFICIENCY, BUT ITS NOT THE SAME THING!

A

PERNICIOUS ANMEIA A IS AN AUTO IMMUNE DESEASE THAT LEATS TO THE B12 DEFICIENCY, BUT ITS NOT THE SAME THING!

118
Q

WHAT KIND OF CELLS LINE OUR STOMACH?

PERIATAL CELLS

A

PERIATAL CELLS

119
Q

WHAT SECRESTS INTRINSIC FACTOR?

PARIATAL CELLS

A

PARIATAL CELLS

120
Q

WHAT ALLOWS FOR IRON ABSORPTION IN THE SMALL INTESTINE?

A

WHEN INTRINSIC FATOR BINDS WITH B12

121
Q

How do periatal cells work?

A

PERIATAL CELLS LINE OUR STOMACH AND THE SECRESTE INTINNSIC FACTOR. THE INTRINSIC FATOR INDS WITH THE B12 AND THIS ALLOWS OFR BASORPTION IN THE SMALL INTESTIN

122
Q

What is important for the nervous system function (myelin sheath)

A

B12

123
Q

BEFORE GIVING B12 WHAT SHOULD YOU MONITOR?

A

MONITOR FOLIC ACID

124
Q

WHERE IS INTRINSIC FACTOR PRODUCED AND WHY IS IT NEEDED?

A

INTRINSIC FACTOR IS PRODUCED BY PERTIATAL CELLS IN THE STOMACH AND IS NEEDED FOR B 12 ABSORPTION

125
Q

What is necessary for the maturation of cells?

like New embryos

A

Folic acid

126
Q

WHAT IS PANCYTOPENIA?

A

WHEN ALL BLOOD CELL INDICES ARE LOW= PATIENT WILL BE AT RISK FOR BRUSING AND BLEEDING BECUASE THE PLATE LETS ARE LOW

127
Q

What is in charge of neurological manifestations?

A

B12 is in charge neurological manifestations

128
Q

WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR APLASTIC ANEMIA

A

HYPOPLASTICANEMIA=

129
Q

what anemia has this etiology?

THEY HAVE IT BECAUSE BONE MARROW DEPRESION leads to cellular immune response

INFECTION

HEPITITES

CHEMO

A

aplastic anemia

130
Q

WHAT IS PANCYTOPENIA ?

where do you usualy see it?

A

WHEN EVRYTHING IS LOW

aplastic anemia

131
Q

Aplastic anemia is a decrease of

A

Decreased RBC= pallor tachycardia

Decreased in white blood cells= susceptibility to infection

132
Q

what kind of cells do you see in aplastic anemia

A

Fat cells. They are going to be high

133
Q

In what anemia if the patients gets to many blood transfusions it puts them at risk for bone marrow transplantation rejection because the transfusion have sensitized that person

A

aplastic anemia

134
Q

WHAT STIMULATES THE BONE MARROW

A

Filgrastin

Epoetin-alfa

135
Q

WHO IS TO BE KEPT AWAY FROM OTHER PEOPLE THAT HAVE INFECTIONS

A

A person with pancytopenia or aplastic anemia

136
Q

what anemia has these S/S

Bleeding

Brusing

A

aplastic

137
Q

what anemia

Protects rbcs from oxidative stressors that lead to rbc destruction

A

G6PD

138
Q

WHAT CAN A PERSON WHO HAS G6PD NOT EAT

A

FAVA BEANS

139
Q

who is protected against malaria?

A

G6PD patients

140
Q

WHAT IS HEINZ BODIES

A

G6PD anmeia

SMEAR ANALYSIS

THIS IS WHAT THEY WILL SEE WHEN THE LOOK AT CBC IT IS AN ACUMILATION OF BROKEN HEMO GLOBIN IN THE RBC’s

141
Q

HOW DO YOU ASSES JAUNDICE IN DARK SKIN PEARSON

A

MUCUS MEMBRAINS

CONJENTIBA

142
Q

WHAT HEREDITARY DISORDER LYCES RBC

A

G6PD

143
Q

what anemia is also called

erythrocytosis

A

Polycythemia

144
Q

Why does blood thicken in polycythemia

A

Increased of rbc’s

Increase in wbs

Increased in platelets

145
Q

a person with this anemia is prone to forming clots

A

Polycythemia Vera

146
Q

What is a Complication of polycythemia Vera

A

Thrombosis

——Because of this blood

Hemorrhage

——Because of low platelets

147
Q

The main concerns in polycythemia are

A

Thrombase- because high viscosity the person is at risk for a thrombosis

Hemorrhage - low platelets

148
Q

What anemia interferes with clotting/ platelets?

A

thrombocytopenia aka hemophilia

149
Q

in what anemia is hemorrhaging the problem?

A

thrombocytopenia

150
Q

What anemia is inherited from the female but its present in the male

A

thrombocytopenia

151
Q

In what anemia are platelets are destroyed within hours

A

thrombocytopenia

152
Q

What is Hemophilia

A

B

what is its treatment?

A

A -Def in factor8

B -Def in factor 9

Iv treatment for treatment

153
Q

What is the treatment used on thrombocytopenia

A

use corticosteroids

154
Q

What can cause gangrene in people with thrombocytopenia

A

warfin

155
Q

WHAT CAN GIVE YOU TARRY STOOLS?

A

Iron supplements

Bleeding in the bowl or bleeding in the gut (from thrombocytopenia)

156
Q

What should patients that have thrombocytopenia avoid?

A

IM injections

Douching

rectal thermometer

157
Q

what should be checked SHOULD BE CHECKED TO MONITOR THROMBOCYTOPENIA

A

cbc

ZOEY NUR 111 Unit 3 (8 decks)

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