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ZOEY NUR 111 Unit 3 > Unit 3 CVD Powerpoint > Flashcards

Unit 3 CVD Powerpoint Flashcards

1
Q

How do vessels contribute to overall health

A

Transporting blood for metabolic activities

Transporting waste

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2
Q

what desease has these clinical manifestations?

Headaches                                 
Chest pain
Vision changes
Shortness of breath
Renal dysfunction
dizzines
fatigue
nosebleeds
A

Hypertension

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3
Q

what disease has this

Medical Management –
Diagnosis

Two or more bp readings on >2 office visits

A

Hypertension

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4
Q

what disease has this

Medical Management – Treatment
Lifestyle changes
Medications

A

Hypertension

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5
Q

what disease has this

Medical Management – Medications

Diuretics
Antihypertensives

A

Hypertension

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6
Q

what disease has this

Lifestyle Management
Weight
Diet 
Alcohol consumption
Exercise
Stress
A

Hypertension

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7
Q

what disease has this

Complications
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Systolic dysfunction
Renal failure
Stroke
Hypertensive crisis
A

Hypertension

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8
Q

what disease has this

assessment and analysis

typically no symptoms until disease is advanced

A

Hypertension

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9
Q

what disease has this

Nursing Management – Nursing diagnoses

Risk for ineffective therapeutic regimen management
Risk for decreased cardiac output

A

Hypertension

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10
Q

what disease has this

Nursing Interventions – Assessments

Neurological assessment
Blood pressure
Examination of optic fundi
Auscultation for bruits 
Palpation for edema and pulses
Labs 
B M I and waist circumference
A

Hypertension

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11
Q

what disease has this

Nursing Interventions – Actions

Administer medications as ordered
Provide DASH diet

A

Hypertension

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12
Q

what disease has this

Nursing Interventions – Teaching

Adherence to medication regimen
Adherence to lifestyle changes
Monitor blood pressure at home
Signs and symptoms of complications

A

Hypertension

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13
Q

what disease has this

Nursing Management – Evaluating care outcomes
Increased energy
Absence of energy, headache, dizziness, vision changes

A

Hypertension

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14
Q

what disease has this

Involves progressive narrowing and degeneration of arteries of upper and lower extremities

Atherosclerosis is leading cause in majority of cases

Patients with PAD are more likely to have coronary artery disease and/or cerebral artery disease

A

Peripheral Artery Disease

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15
Q

what disease has this

Epidemiology;

Majority are 65 years or older
African Americans are affected more often than any other group

A

Peripheral Arterial Disease

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16
Q

what disease has this

Pathophysiology;

Progressive and chronic condition
Obstruction of blood flow through the large peripheral arteries causes arterial occlusion

A

Peripheral Arterial Disease

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17
Q

what disease has this

Risk Factors;

Atherosclerosis 
Smoking
Hypertension
Diabetes
Dyslipidemia
Sedentary lifestyle
Ineffective stress management
A

Peripheral Arterial Disease

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18
Q

what disease has this

Description

may affect
Iliac artery
Femoral artery
Popliteal artery 
Tibial artery 
Peroneal artery
A

Peripheral Arterial Disease

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19
Q

what disease has this

Clinical Manifestations;

Intermittent claudication

A

Peripheral Arterial Disease

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20
Q

what disease has this

Medical Management – Diagnosis

Ankle-brachial index

A

Peripheral Arterial Disease

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21
Q

what disease has this

Medical Management – Treatment;

Prevent progression of disease
Manage symptoms

A

Peripheral Arterial Disease

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22
Q

what disease has this

Medical Management – Medications;

Antihypertensives
Antiplatelets
Statins

A

Peripheral Arterial Disease

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23
Q

what disease has this

Surgical Management;

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
Laser-assisted angioplasty
Rotational artherectomy

A

Peripheral Arterial Disease

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24
Q

what disease has this

Complications;

Critical limb ischemia
Acute limb ischemia 
Atrophy of skin and underlying muscles
Delayed healing
Wound infection
Tissue necrosis 
Arterial ulcers
A

Peripheral Arterial Disease

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25
Q

what disease has this

Nursing Management – Assessment and analysis;

Manifestations depend on tissues involved and severity of altered blood flow

A

Peripheral Arterial Disease

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26
Q

what disease has this

Nursing Management – Nursing diagnoses;

Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion
Risk for impaired skin integrity
Chronic pain

A

Peripheral Arterial Disease

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27
Q

what disease has this

Nursing Interventions – Assessments;

Bilateral blood pressures
Palpate all pulses in both legs
Visual assessment of feet and limbs
Temperature of extremities
Assess bilateral muscle tone
Pain
A

Peripheral Arterial Disease

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28
Q

what disease has this

Nursing Interventions – Actions;

Administer medications as ordered
Proper positioning

A

Peripheral Arterial Disease

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29
Q

what disease has this

Nursing Interventions – Teaching;

Positioning
Inspect feet daily
Report chest discomfort
Lifestyle changes

A

Peripheral Arterial Disease

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30
Q

what disease has this

Nursing Management – Evaluating care outcomes;

Pain free
Able to participate in normal activities

A

Peripheral Arterial Disease

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31
Q

what disease has this

Epidemiology;

Prevalent in 16.5 million people over age 20

Most common cause of heart disease

Incidence increases with age

Racial and gender differences

A

Coronary Artery Disease

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32
Q

what disease has this

Risk Factors;

Modifiable
Increased total cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking, physical activity

Nonmodifiable
Gender, race, heredity, age

A

Coronary Artery Disease

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33
Q

what disease has this

Pathophysiology;

Atherosclerosis forms and occludes coronary arteries

       * Unstable angina
       * Myocardial infarction
       * Sudden cardiac death

Reduced blood flow through coronary microvasculature
*Ischemic symptoms

A

Coronary Artery Disease

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34
Q

in what stage of atherosclerosis do

lipids accumulate and migrate into smooth muscle cells

A

fatty streak

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35
Q

in what stage of atherosclerosis do

collegen cover the fatty streak

vessel lumen is narrowed

blood flow is reduced

fissures can develop

A

fibrous plaque

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36
Q

in what stage of atherosclerosis do you see

plaque rupture

thrombus formation

further narrowing or total occlusion of vessel

A

complicated lesion

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37
Q

in what stage of atherosclerosis do you see

damaged endothelium due to

hypertension
tobacco use
toxins
infections
diabetes
hyperhomocysteinemia
hyperlipidemia
A

chronic endothelial injury

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38
Q

what disease has this

Etiology and Pathophysiology;

Collateral circulation
Arterial anastomoses (or connections) within the coronary circulation
Increased with chronic ischemia
May be inadequate with rapid-onset CAD

A

Coronary Artery Disease

39
Q

what disease has this

Clinical Manifestations;

Stable angina
Unstable angina
Prinzmetal’s angina

A

Coronary Artery Disease

40
Q

what disease has this

Lack of oxygen and glucose leads to anaerobic metabolism

Lactic acid irritates nerve fibers → pain in cardiac nerves

Referred pain from transmission to the upper thoracic posterior nerve roots

A

Angina

41
Q

what disease has this

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Deterioration of once stable plague

Rupture

Platelet aggregation

Thrombus

A

Acute Coronary Syndrome

42
Q

what disease has this

Medical Management – Medications;

Stop aggregation of blood components to endothelium
Control factors leading to endothelial damage
Relief of symptoms

A

Coronary Artery Disease

43
Q

what disease has this

Surgical Management;

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Coronary artery bypass graft

A

Coronary Artery Disease

44
Q

what disease has this

Nursing Management:

Prevention and early treatment

Manage high-risk persons by controlling modifiable risk factors

Encourage lifestyle changes

  • Education
  • Clarify personal values
  • Set realistic goals

Identification of people at high risk

  • Health history, including family history
  • Presence of cardiovascular symptoms
  • Environmental patterns: diet, activity
  • Psychosocial history
  • Values and beliefs about health and illness
A

Coronary Artery Disease

45
Q

what disease has this

Nursing Management;

Nutritional therapy	
↓ Saturated fats and cholesterol
↑ Complex carbohydrates and fiber
↓ Red meat, egg yolks, whole milk
↑Omega-3 fatty acids
A

Coronary Artery Disease

46
Q

what disease has this

Complications;

Myocardial infarction

A

Coronary Artery Disease

47
Q

what disease has this

Gerontologic Considerations;

Increased incidence and mortality associated with CAD in older adults

Strategies to reduce risk and treat CAD are effective

Treat hypertension, ↑lipids

Smoking cessation

A

Coronary Artery Disease

48
Q

what disease has this

Assessment and analysis;

Careful assessment of chest pain

Be mindful of nonspecific symptoms

A

Coronary Artery Disease

49
Q

what disease has this

Nursing diagnoses;

Decreased tissue perfusion

A

Coronary Artery Disease

50
Q

what disease has this

Interventions – Assessments;

Vital signs
Pain
Electrocardiogram
Physical assessment
Patient history
Recreational drug use
Depression screening
Laboratory values
A

Coronary Artery Disease

51
Q

what disease has this

Nursing Interventions – Actions;

Administer oxygen
Obtain E C G
Administer medications as ordered

A

Coronary Artery Disease

52
Q

what disease has this

Nursing Interventions – Actions after P C I;

Cardiac catheterization care
Report and treat chest pain immediately
Administer anticoagulants
Maintain fluids
Maintain bedrest
A

Coronary Artery Disease

53
Q

what disease has this

Nursing Interventions – Teaching;

Medication regimen
Angina management
Bleeding precautions
Risk factor reduction
When to call emergency services
Encourage cardiac rehabilitation
A

Coronary Artery Disease

54
Q

what disease has this

Evaluating care outcomes

Comply with medication therapy
Maintain healthy diet
Limit alcohol
Engage in regular exercise

A

Coronary Artery Disease

55
Q

what disease has this

Risk Factors;

C A D, hypertension, D M, metabolic syndrome, obesity, smoking, high sodium intake

A

Heart Failure

56
Q

what disease has this

Pathophysiology;

Myocardial cell dysfunction
Inability of heart to meet needs of body

A

Heart Failure

57
Q

what disease has this

Medical Management – Treatment;

Reduction of risk factors
Manipulation of cardiac output

A

Heart Failure

58
Q

what disease has this

Medical Management – Medications;

Beta blockers
Aldosterone antagonist diuretics
A C E inhibitors
Calcium channel blockers
Digoxin
A

Heart Failure

59
Q

what disease has this

Surgical Management;

Internal cardiac defibrillator
Ventricular assist device

A

Heart Failure

60
Q

what disease has this

Self-Management;

Symptom monitoring
Medication adherence
Lifestyle changes

A

Heart Failure

61
Q

what disease has this

Complications;

Pulmonary edema
Renal failure

A

Heart Failure

62
Q

what disease has this

Assessment and analysis;

Signs and symptoms related to weakened cardiac contraction, decreased cardiac output, back up of blood, poor peripheral perfusion

A

Heart Failure

63
Q

what disease has this

Interventions – Assessments;

  • Vital signs
  • Breath sounds
  • Monitor rate and rhythm
  • Skin color, temperature, *peripheral pulses
  • Dry, persistent cough
  • Activity intolerance
  • Urine output
  • Daily weight
  • Laboratory data
  • Depression screening
  • Social support
A

Heart Failure

64
Q

what disease has this

Nursing diagnoses;

Impaired oxygenation
Decreased cardiac output
Ineffective peripheral perfusion

A

Heart Failure

65
Q

what disease has this

Interventions – Actions;

Oxygen therapy
Elevate head of bed
Administer medication as ordered
Fluid and sodium restriction

A

Heart Failure

66
Q

what disease has this

Interventions – Teaching;

Medication management
Maintain activity as tolerated
Low-salt diet
Daily weight
Cardiac rehabilitation
Signs and symptoms of worsening heart failure
A

Heart Failure

67
Q

what disease has this

Evaluating care outcomes;

Reduced dyspnea
Absence of fatigue
Participates in activities of daily living
Reduced hospitalizations

A

Heart Failure

68
Q

what disease has this

A

Heart Failure

69
Q

what disease has this

Risk Factors;

Smoking
Hypertension
Diabetes
Dyslipidemia
Sedentary lifestyle
Obesity
Ineffective stress management
A

Carotid Artery Disease

70
Q

what disease has this

Pathophysiology;

Vessel wall thickening and plaque formation occluding blood in carotid artery

A

Carotid Artery Disease

71
Q

what disease has this

Clinical Manifestations;

Asymptomatic until cerebral perfusion is impaired
Stroke or T I A

A

Carotid Artery Disease

72
Q

what disease has this

Diagnosis;

Carotid bruit
Carotid duplex scan
Computed tomography angiography
Magnetic resonance imaging
Carotid angiography
A

Carotid Artery Disease

73
Q

what disease has this

Medications;

Optimal medical therapy
Healthy lifestyle changes
Management of comorbidities

A

Carotid Artery Disease

74
Q

what disease has this

Surgical Management;

Carotid endardectomy
Carotid artery stenting

A

Carotid Artery Disease

75
Q

what disease has this

Assessment and analysis;

Symptoms of stroke
Slurred words
Weakness
Severe headache
Sudden vision loss
Facial droop
Dizziness
A

Carotid Artery Disease

76
Q

what disease has this

Nursing diagnoses;

Risk for ineffective tissue perfusion
Anxiety

A

Carotid Artery Disease

77
Q

what disease has this

Intervention Assessments;

Vital signs
Neurological assessment
Auscultation of carotid arteries
Stroke history
Signs of stroke
A

Carotid Artery Disease

78
Q

what disease has this

Interventions – Assessments;

Postprocedure CEA/CAS
Respiratory rate, SpO2, stridor, tracheal deviation
Vital signs, HR, BP
Post-CEA—Cranial nerves, specifically VII, X, XI, and XII
Post-CAS—Renal function

A

Carotid Artery Disease

79
Q

what disease has this

Interventions – Actions;

Administer medications as ordered
Manage diabetes

A

Carotid Artery Disease

80
Q

what disease has this

Interventions – Actions;

Postprocedure CEA/CAS
Keep systolic blood pressure strictly within ordered parameters

If patient is hypotensive:
Reposition patient flat
Anticipate orders for vasoactive drips or intravenous fluid bolus

If patient is hypertensive:
Maintain head of the bed at
30 degrees

Post-CEA—Keep head in neutral position

Post-CAS - Encourage fluid intake/Maintain IV fluids

A

Carotid Artery Disease

81
Q

what disease has this

Nursing Interventions – Teaching;

Clinical manifestations of stroke
Lifestyle changes

A

Carotid Artery Disease

82
Q

what disease has this

Risk Factors;

Family history                                                  
Advanced age
Male gender
Smoking
Atherosclerosis
Hypertension
High cholesterol
Known C A D
Genetic/metabolic abnormalities
A

Aortic Artery Disease (Aneurysm)

83
Q

what disease has this

Pathophysiology;

Middle layer (media) of artery is weakened, stretching inner layer (intima)
Artery widens, tension increases, further widening occurs
A

Aortic Artery Disease (Aneurysm)

84
Q

what disease has this

Clinical Manifestations;

Asymptomatic until dissection or rupture

A

Aortic Artery Disease (Aneurysm)

85
Q

what disease has this

Diagnosis;

Computed tomography
Transthoracic echocardiogram
Cardiac M R I
E C G

A

Aortic Artery Disease (Aneurysm)

86
Q

what disease has this

Medications;

Control hypertension
Statins

A

Aortic Artery Disease (Aneurysm)

87
Q

what disease has this

Surgical Management;

Surgical repair and grafting

A

Aortic Artery Disease (Aneurysm)

88
Q

what disease has this

Complications;

Aortic dissection
Aneurysm rupture

A

Aortic Artery Disease (Aneurysm)

89
Q

what disease has this

Assessment and analysis;

Usually symptomatic until rupture or dissection

A

Aortic Artery Disease (Aneurysm)

90
Q

what disease has this

Nursing diagnoses;

Risk for ineffective tissue perfusion
Acute pain
Fear

A

Aortic Artery Disease (Aneurysm)

91
Q

what disease has this

Interventions – Assessments;

Vital signs
Neurological assessment
Pain
Peripheral pulses
Peripheral sensation and motor response
Gentle abdominal auscultation and palpation
A

Aortic Artery Disease (Aneurysm)

92
Q

what disease has this

Interventions – Actions;

Administer medications as ordered
Create calm environment

A

Aortic Artery Disease (Aneurysm)

93
Q

what disease has this

Interventions – Teaching;

Signs and symptoms of aortic aneurysm and dissection
Follow strict treatment regimen

A

Aortic Artery Disease (Aneurysm)

94
Q

what disease has this

Evaluating care outcomes;

No abdominal, back, or chest pain
No wheezing or shortness of breath
No dysphagia or hoarseness
Normal neurological assessment

A

Aortic Artery Disease (Aneurysm)

ZOEY NUR 111 Unit 3 (8 decks)

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