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Surgery > Unit 3- Spay > Flashcards

Unit 3- Spay Flashcards

1
Q

Ovariohysterectomy

A

Removal of ovaries and uterus, complete removal of female reproductive tract

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2
Q

Ovariectomy

A

Removal of only ovaries, removes chance of pyometra

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3
Q

Hysterotomy

A

Cesarean section, opening gravid uterus and removing fetuses

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4
Q

Why Spay?

A

Population control, disease control, prolongs lifespan, decreased incidence of hereditary defect

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5
Q

Routine Spay

A

Young healthy patients with no clinical signs

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6
Q

Medical Spay

A

Patient has disease process and clinical signs related to process

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7
Q

When to spay canine

A

6 months to 2 years

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8
Q

When to spay cats

A

6 months

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9
Q

Cystic Ovaries

A

Fluid filled cysts develop in ovaries, prolonged secretion of estrogen, continued signs of estrus, prolonged attractiveness to males

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10
Q

Prolapsed Uterus

A

Common after birth, lavage if tissue is viable, reduce swelling with dextrose, manually replace tissue and then spay, amputate before spay if tissue is not viable, high chance of reoccurence

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11
Q

Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia

A

Thickening of uterine tissue

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12
Q

Hydrometra

A

Fluid filled uterus progresses to mucometra

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13
Q

Mucometra

A

Mucous filled uterus progresses to pyometra

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14
Q

Pyometra

A

Accumulation of pus after a heat cycle, can be life threatening, E. coli, staph, strep, proteus

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15
Q

Cause of uterine disease

A

Progesterone

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16
Q

Closed Pyometra

A

No vaginal discharge, PU/PD, lethargy, pale mucous membranes, abdominal distention, more sickness and chance of rupture

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17
Q

Open Pyometra

A

Vaginal distention, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, PU/PD, pale mucous membranes

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18
Q

Uterine Torsion

A

Uterus rotates around long axis between the cervix and the horn, patient is clinically sick

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19
Q

Metritis

A

Postpartum infection, vaginal discharge, lethargy, anorexia, neglecting offspring, may palpate flaccid uterus, stabilize and then cut

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20
Q

Neoplasia

A

Leiomyoma or endometrial adenocarcinoma

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21
Q

Leiomyoma

A

tumor from uterine smooth muscle

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22
Q

Mammary Gland Neoplasia

A

Seen in unspayed animals, adenoma, carcinoma, or adenocarcinoma, 90% malignant in cats, 50% malignant in dogs, clinical signs appear after metastasis

23
Q

Proper Ligament

A

Connects uterine horn to ovary

24
Q

Suspensory Ligament

A

Connects ovary to body wall

25
Q

Mesovarium

A

Portion of broad ligament supporting the ovaries with ovarian vessels and fat

26
Q

Mesometrium

A

Portion of broad ligament supporting uterine horns and body with uterine vessels and fat

27
Q

Ovary Location

A

Caudal to the kidneys

28
Q

Uterine Horn Location

A

Dorso-lateral in the body

29
Q

Uterine Body Location

A

Between urinary bladder and colon, adjacent to ureters

30
Q

Spay Procedure

A

Cut skin, find uterine horn and expose ovary, break down suspensory ligament, clamp, ligate, cut ovarian pedicles, clamp, ligate, cut uterine body and vessels, check gutters, close

31
Q

Spay Prep

A

Aseptic, clip from xyphoid to pubis level with mammary chain, chlorohex and alcohol

32
Q

Canine Ventral Midline Approach

A

Incise caudal to umbilicus in the cranial third of the caudal abdomen, incising caudally

33
Q

Feline Ventral Midline Approach

A

Incision caudal to the umbilicus in the middle third of the caudal abdomen, between umbilicus and pelvis

34
Q

Puppy Incision

A

Same as feline, hard to visualize uterine body

35
Q

Lateral Flank Usage

A

Excessive mammary development, secondary to lactating vs mammary hyperplasia

36
Q

Lateral Flank Incision

A

Start caudal to midpoint between last rib and iliac crest and extend dosoventrally

37
Q

Canine Spay

A

Incise, expose external rectus fascia, create tent in linea alba, stab, extend using blade or mayo scissors, tent body wall, use spay hook on left side, clamp proper ligament, break suspensory ligament, ligate, ligate and transect uterus cranial to cervix, check gutters, close

38
Q

Dog Blade Size

A

10

39
Q

Cat Blade Size

A

15

40
Q

Holding Layer of Abdominal Incisions

A

External rectus fascia

41
Q

Breaking Suspensory Ligament

A

Guitar strumming, lateral to medial, pull caudomedially using hemostat, avoid pedicle

42
Q

Ovarian Pedicle

A

In broad ligament, clamped using 3 clamp technique

43
Q

Uterine Body Clamping

A

Proximal hemostat 1cm from cervix, 2nd hemostat 5mm away, distal hemostat 5 mm away, circumferential in proximal crush, transfixed in between crush and hemostat

44
Q

Modified Transfixation

A

Separate ligatures around the L and R vessels in the uterine body

45
Q

Spay Closure

A

External rectus fascia holding layer, no full thickness bites in muscle, appositional, simple continuous subcutaneous closure, skin closure

46
Q

Post Op Care

A

7-14 day exercise restriction, 10-14 day suture removal, 1 week e collar, 5-7 days of rimadyl or metacam NSAIDs and gabapentin

47
Q

Feline Ovary Clamping

A

Clamp ovarian pedicle, circumferential ligature distal to pedicle, place hemostat on proper ligament and transect distal to

48
Q

Autoligation

A

Perform a pedicle tie in the window of the broad ligament

49
Q

Cat Uterus Transection

A

Ligate and transect at caudal third of uterine body

50
Q

Spay Complications

A

Hemorrhage most fatal, dehiscence, seroma, ureter ligation, recurrent estrus, uterine stump pyometra, uterine stump granuloma

51
Q

Cause of hemorrhage

A

Pedicle ligation failure

52
Q

Seroma

A

Fluid build up, cold or warm compress

53
Q

Ureter Ligation

A

Remove ligature or kidney, hydroureter and hydronephrosis

54
Q

Recurrent Estrus

A

Muellerian syndrome, failure to remove all ovarian tissue

Surgery (11 decks)

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