Unit 3- Neuter

Question 1

Surgical removal of both testicles

Answer 1

Neuter, castration, orchiectomy, orchidectomy

Question 2

Why neuter?

Answer 2

Population control, removes male characteristics by removing source of testosterone, disease control

Question 3

Male Characteristics

Answer 3

Roaming behavior, aggression, smell, urine in cats

Question 4

Routine Neuter

Answer 4

Young healthy patients with no clinical signs

Question 5

Medical Neuter

Answer 5

Disease process affecting testicles or epididymis with related clinical signs

Question 6

When to neuter dogs

Answer 6

6 months to 2 years

Question 7

When to neuter cats

Answer 7

6 months

Question 8

Cryptorchidism

Answer 8

One or both testicles does not descend, may be abdominal or inguinal, may be palpable

Question 9

Cryptorchidism secondary to sertoli cell tumor

Answer 9

Presents with alopecia and enlarged mammary glands

Question 10

Testicular Hypoplasia

Answer 10

Usually no clinical signs, poor development or degeneration of testicle

Question 11

Testicular Torsion

Answer 11

Spermatic cord rotates and leads to ischemic damage, acute scrotal and testicular swelling

Question 12

Prostatic Diseases

Answer 12

Prostatitis, cyst, abscess, hypertrophy

Question 13

Prostate Disease Clinical Signs

Answer 13

Constipation, straining to defecate, abdominal pain, straining to urinate, hematuria

Question 14

Neoplasia

Answer 14

Testicular, scrotal, or perianal gland adenoma

Question 15

Neoplasia Clinical Signs

Answer 15

Enlargement of one or both testicles, enlargement of scrotum, pain, hair loss, mammary enlargement

Question 16

Orchitis

Answer 16

Inflammation of testicle

Question 17

Epididymitis

Answer 17

Inflammation of epididimys

Question 18

Orchitis Clinical Signs

Answer 18

Testicular pain and swelling, depression, lethargy, fever, anorexia

Question 19

Perineal Hernia

Answer 19

Progressive weakness and failure of the pelvic diaphragm, swelling adjacent to rectum, constipation, straining to defecate, straining during urination

Question 20

Scrotal Ablation

Answer 20

Removal of scrotum due to neoplasia or trauma, or pendulous scrotum

Question 21

Pendulous Scrotum

Answer 21

Non resolving scrotal hematoma

Question 22

Surgical Prep

Answer 22

Aseptic, clip hair, chlorohex and alcohol, lidocaine testicular block

Question 23

Closed Neuter

Answer 23

Parietal vaginal tunic is not incised, takes less time, has less post op swelling and oozing

Question 24

Open Neuter

Answer 24

Parietal vaginal tunic is incised, allows direct visualization of testicle components, more risk of abdominal infection due to communication with abdominal cavity

Question 25

Pre-Scrotal Approach

Answer 25

Isolate testicle and push away from scrotum and towards prepuce, incise on median raphe over testicle, incise subcutaneous tissue, dissect scrotal ligament, pull testicle cranially, strip fat and tissue from spermatic cord, clamp

Question 26

3 Clamp Technique

Answer 26

Place 3 hemostats pointing upwards proximal to the testicle, apply one circumferential in the crush of the proximal hemostat and one transfixing ligature between the first ligature and middle hemostat, transect testicular pedicle between 2 hemostats

Question 27

Ligatures

Answer 27

1-2 for small dog and minimum of 2 for large dog

Question 28

Pre Scrotal Closure

Answer 28

Subcutaneous simple continuous to avoid hematoma, intradermal or simple interrupted skin closure

Question 29

Scrotal Approach Use

Answer 29

Faster than prescrotal, use on underage dogs

Question 30

Scrotal Approach

Answer 30

Incise lateral to the median raphe, remove 1st testicle through incision, closed castration, ligatures

Question 31

Scrotal Closure

Answer 31

One buried subcutaneous suture, oozing is normal

Question 32

Post Op Care

Answer 32

10-14 days exercise restriction, 1 week e collar, 5-7 days of carprofen or meloxicam NSAIDs

Question 33

Cat Neuter

Answer 33

Incise directly over each testicle, exteriorize, strip spermatic cord of fat, auto ligate or figure 8 tie, transect testicle, leave incisions open to heal by second intention

Question 34

Cat Post Op Care

Answer 34

Use newspaper instead of litter, 3 doses of onsior or metacam NSAIDs, e collar

Question 35

Neuter Complications

Answer 35

Hemorrhage, scrotal bruising, hematoma, infection, dehiscence, more common in dogs

Question 36

Cat Neuter Prep

Answer 36

Pluck hair instead of shaving