Unit 3 Review Short Answer

Question 1

Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis (know differences and/or similarities)

Answer 1

MITOSIS
Makes genetically IDENTICAL cells
Results in DIPLOID cells
ASEXUAL reproduction
Takes place throughout an organisms life

MEIOSIS
Makes genetically UNIQUE cells
Results in HAPLOID cells
Involved in SEXUAL reproduction
Can only take place at certain times in an organisms life cycle

Question 2

Mitosis

Question 3

Meiosis

Question 4

Draw the stages of meiosis (pay attention to chromosome numbers!)

Question 5

Benefits of GMOs (2)

Answer 5

This is meant to translate into a product with a lower price, greater benefit (in terms of durability or nutritional value) or both

Crop protection through the introduction of resistance against plant diseases caused by insects or viruses or through increased tolerance towards herbicides.

Question 6

Concerns of GMOs (3)

Answer 6

Allergenicity. As a matter of principle, the transfer of genes from commonly allergenic organisms to non-allergic organisms is discouraged unless it can be demonstrated that the protein product of the transferred gene is not allergenic

Gene transfer. Gene transfer from GM foods to cells of the body or to bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract would cause concern if the transferred genetic material adversely affects human health.

Outcrossing. The migration of genes from GM plants into conventional crops or related species in the wild (referred to as “outcrossing”), as well as the mixing of crops derived from conventional seeds with GM crops,

Question 7

Compare and contrast DNA and RNA (function)

Answer 7

• DNA recreates and stores genetic information. It is a blueprint for all genetic information contained within an organism. RNA converts the genetic information contained within DNA to build proteins, and then moves it to ribosomal protein factories.

Question 8

Compare and contrast DNA and RNA (structure)

Answer 8

-DNA is a double helix made by 2 strand, RNA is 1 strand

Question 9

Compare and contrast DNA and RNA (sugar)

Answer 9

DNA has deoxyribose, RNA has ribose sugars.

Question 10

Compare and contrast DNA and RNA (bases and base pairs)

Answer 10

-DNA is Adenine-Thymine Guanine-Cytosine (A,T,G,C)
-RNA Adenine-Uracil Cytosine-
Guanine (A,U,C,G)

Question 11

Compare and contrast DNA and RNA (similarities)

Answer 11

-Made with nucleotides
-Both have 4 nitrogen bases