Ch 8 and 10 quiz outline Flashcards
phases of mitosis in the correct order
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Be able to place the stages of the cell cycle in order, from first to last
Interphase (Gap 1 (G1), synthesis (S), Gap 2 (G2)), Mitosis (M) (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase), Cytokinesis
Given diagrams of the phases of meiosis, be able to identify each stage
Given a series of statements, be able to match each with its mitotic stage
mitosis
mitosis divides a cell’s nucleus into two nuclei, each with an identical set of DNA
prophase
DNA and proteins condense into tightly coiled chromosomes. The nuclear envelope breaks down, centrioles begin to move to opposite poles, and spindle fibers form
metaphase
spindle fibers attach to each chromosome. They align the chromosomes along the cell equator
anaphase
Chromatids separate to opposite sides of the cell. Cytokinesis usually begins in late anaphase or telophase
Telophase
Nuclear membranes start to form, chromosomes begin to uncoil, and the spindle fibers fall apart
cytokinesis
cytokinesis divides cytoplasm between two daughter cells, each with a genetically identical nucleus. The cells enter interphase and begin the cycle again.
interphase
the cell copies its DNA and grows in preparation for division. The DNA is loosely organized during interphase
Base pairing in DNA versus RNA (DNA, pairing is A-T, C-G. In RNA, A-U, C-G)
DNA- replication of DNA; adenine - thymine , thymine - adenine , cytosine - guanine , guanine - cytosine
RNA - transcription: adenine - uracil , thymine - adenine, c-g, g-c
Primary function of DNA
The primary function of DNA is to store and transmit the genetic information that tells cells which proteins to make and when to make them
Know which bases are purines, and which are pyrimidines
Purines
an organic molecule that has a double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms
- adenine & guanine