Mendelian Genetics Quiz Flashcards
Meiosis
Type of cell division where chromosomes number is reduced by half and the daughter cells are genetically distinct from the parents
A cell division where chromosome numbers are reduced by half and the daughter cells are genetically from their parents.
Mitosis
mitosis divides a cell’s nucleus into two nuclei, each with an identical set of DNA
Stage in the cell cycle where 1 thing of DNA is equally distributed between 2 identical daughter cells.
Genetics
Study of patterns in heredity and the variation of organisms.
Cross pollination
Reproduction process in which pollen from one plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant.
Allele
Mendels factors are now called alleles. Controls the characteristics
The letters that show the genes from mom or dad. Alternate versions of a trait.
(One letter?)
Homozygous
When both pairs of an allele are alike, the organism is homozygous for that characteristic. An organism can be homozygous dominant. Both letters are the SAME!
Law of segregation
When 2 gametes combine during fertilization, the offspring have two factors controlling a specific trait.
Haploid
Having only one chromosome of each homologous pair. (Half)
Diploid
Cell that has both chromosomes of a homologous pair.
Trait-
a characteristic
Dominant
referring to an allele that masks the presence of another allele for the same characteristic, most common in population
Genotype
genetic makeup of an organism, consists of alleles that the organism inherits from its parents (the letters)
Heterozygous
When the two alleles in the pair are different, the organism is heterozygous, this means 1 UPPERCASE and 1 LOWERCASE
Law of independent assortment
States that factors for different characteristics are distributed to gametes independently.
Gametes
Reproductive cell (sperm, male: ova/egg cells, female)
Heredity
Transmission of traits from parents to their offspring. (Mom has brown eyes and daughter has brown eyes)
Self pollination
Pollination using the same flower, flowers from the same plant, or two plant’s genetically the same.
Recessive
referring to an allele that is masked by the presence of another allele for the same characteristic.
Phenotype
Appearance of an organism as a result of its genotype.
Ex: PP, Pp = purple flower
pp = white flower
Genotype
genetic makeup of an organism, consists of alleles that the organism inherits from its parents (the letters)
Punnett square
a way to show all the possible gene combinations 2 parents can give their offspring
Monohybrid cross
Crosses that deal with only ONE trait
Dihybrid cross
A cross that involves TWO pairs of genes, rather than 1 (monohybrid cross)
Codominance
a heterozygous individual expresses both simultaneously WITHOUT blending
use all capital letters
Incomplete dominance
heterozygous individual expresses both simultaneously WITH blending
ex: red flower & white flower = pink flower
Gene
a segment of DNA that contains coding for a polypeptide or protein; unit of hereditary information
Molecular genetics
study of the structure and function of chromosomes and genes.
Test cross
used to determine whether an organism is TTor Tt.
a test cross is when the unknown is crossed with tt
