Mendelian Genetics Quiz Flashcards
Meiosis
Type of cell division where chromosomes number is reduced by half and the daughter cells are genetically distinct from the parents
A cell division where chromosome numbers are reduced by half and the daughter cells are genetically from their parents.
Mitosis
mitosis divides a cell’s nucleus into two nuclei, each with an identical set of DNA
Stage in the cell cycle where 1 thing of DNA is equally distributed between 2 identical daughter cells.
Genetics
Study of patterns in heredity and the variation of organisms.
Cross pollination
Reproduction process in which pollen from one plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant.
Allele
Mendels factors are now called alleles. Controls the characteristics
The letters that show the genes from mom or dad. Alternate versions of a trait.
(One letter?)
Homozygous
When both pairs of an allele are alike, the organism is homozygous for that characteristic. An organism can be homozygous dominant. Both letters are the SAME!
Law of segregation
When 2 gametes combine during fertilization, the offspring have two factors controlling a specific trait.
Haploid
Having only one chromosome of each homologous pair. (Half)
Diploid
Cell that has both chromosomes of a homologous pair.
Trait-
a characteristic
Dominant
referring to an allele that masks the presence of another allele for the same characteristic, most common in population
Genotype
genetic makeup of an organism, consists of alleles that the organism inherits from its parents (the letters)
Heterozygous
When the two alleles in the pair are different, the organism is heterozygous, this means 1 UPPERCASE and 1 LOWERCASE
Law of independent assortment
States that factors for different characteristics are distributed to gametes independently.
Gametes
Reproductive cell (sperm, male: ova/egg cells, female)
