Unit 1 Review: Textbook Questions Flashcards
What would have happened if Pasteur had tipped one of his flasks so that the broth in the flask came into contact with the curve of the neck? Explain how this result would or would not have supported his conclusion.
If Pasteur had tipped his flask so that the broth inside had come in contact with the microorganisms trapped in the curve of the neck, the broth would have been contaminated and microorganisms would have grown in the flask. This would have supported Pasteur’s conclusion that microorganisms came not from the air, but from other microorganisms.
Difference between spontaneous generation and biogenesis
Spontaneous Generation says that living things could arise from nonliving things in a process called spontaneous generation. Biogenesis states that all living things come from other living things.
in the 17th/18th century, spontaneous generation was used to explain how
new life started
Redi’s experiment was important because it showed that
flies do not form from rotting meat
People objected to Spallanzani’s experiment because
he boiled his flasks for a long time.
The neck of Pasteur’s flask
allowed air to enter the flask but kept particles out.
During the first half billion years of it’s existence, Earth and the solar system grew by a process involving
collisions with space debris
The oldest fossil of cellular life found on Earth is about
3.5 billion years old
Coacervates and microspheres cannot evolve because they have no
Genetic information
Miller and Urey’s experiment provided
support for Oparin’s hypothesis about the origin of organic molecules
Coacervates and microspheres are collections of
collections of organic molecules enclosed within a boundary.
The generation of organisms from nonliving material does not occur today mostly because
there is not enough energy to drive the chemical reactions needed to form the complex compounds necessary for life.
What is the difference between an acquired trait and a genetic trait?
An acquired trait is not determined by genes and arises during an organisms lifetime and isn’t usually passed down to offspring. Ex: tattoo
A genetic trait is determined by genes and passed down to offspring.
Distinguish between homologous structures and analogous structures.
Homologous structures - same structure (due to shared ancestor), but different function. (ex) bet wing and human hand
Analagous - different structure, same function (ex) insect wing and bird wing
Analogous structures: features serve identical functions, and look somewhat alike. They have very different embryological development, however, and may be very different in internal anatomy.
Ex: Hummingbird and humming moth. Both can hover to feed on sugar-rich nectar from flowers. But, there is no anatomical or embryological similarity between their wings. Birds and insects differ greatly in anatomy and embryological development. Although they share a very remote ancestor, their wings evolved independently and differently in more recent ancestors of each animal.
Homologous structures: similar features that originated in a shared ancestor. Homologous features can result from modifications that change an original feature to two different types, such as a wing and an arm.
Ex: The forelimbs of the penguin, alligator, bat, and human all derive from the same embryological structures. Although they look different and vary in function, they have very similar skeletal structures, and derive from the same structures in the embryo.
How are divergent evolution and adaptive radiation related?
Adaptive radiation is a kind of divergent evolution in which many related species evolve from a single ancestral species.