Unit 3 Review Flashcards
Penicillin G
Natural penicillin. Must be injected
Narrow-spectrum, but still useful against most staph and strep
Penicillin V
natural penicillin. Taken orally
Methicillin
Semisynthetic penicillin. First penicillinase resistant antibiotic. Led to MRSA, discontinued
Oxacillin
Semisynthetic penicillin. Penicillinase resistant antibiotic. Replaced methicillin in clinical use
Ampicillin
Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin.
Amoxicillin
Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin
Augmentin
Amoxicillin plus potassium clavulanate (a penicillinase inhibitor)
Primaxin
Related to penicillin but classified as a carbapenem
Given as intramuscular injection
These types of antibiotics are leading to resistance, CRE organisms
Cephalosporins
Similar to penicillin. Bacteria have developed beta-lactamases that destroy cephalosporins
Grouped by generations
Bacitracin
Topical polypeptide antibiotic found in Neosporin/triple antibiotic
Effective against gram positive
Vancomycin
Penicillinase resistant polypeptide antibiotic
narrow spectrum but kills MRSA
led to VRE
Enterococcus faecium a common nosocomial problem in U.S
Isoniazid
Antimycobacterial antibiotic. Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
Treatment time is 6 months
tuberculosis
Ethambutol
Antimycobacterial antibiotic. Less effective, but used to avoid resistance problems.
Chloramphenicol
Protein synthesis inhibitor
Cheap broad-spectrum
Toxicity concerns, so only used if there are no suitable alternatives
Streptomycin
Protein synthesis inhibitors
Broad-spectrum aminoglycoside
high resistance`
Neomycin
Protein synthesis inhibitor
Broad-spectrum aminoglycoside
Topical agent found in Neosporin/triple antibiotic
Gentamicin
Protein synthesis inhibitor
Broad-spectrum aminoglycoside
Useful against pseudomonas infections. Used with Cystic Fibrosis patients for this reason
Tetracycline
Protein synthesis inhibitor
Broad-spectrum. Also effective against intracellular pathogens like chlamydia and rickettsia’s
can lead to superinfection
Erythromycin
Protein synthesis inhibitor
Macrolide antibiotic
Narrow-spectrum (gram +)
Polymixin B
Topical antibiotic found in Neosporin/triple antibiotic
Effective against gram-negative, including Pseudomonas
causes injury to the plasma membrane: Rare since it is difficult to find a way to make them selectively toxic
Rifampin
Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis: Rare
Very important in the treatment of Tuberculosis
Nalidixic acid
inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis: Rare since it is difficult to find a way to make them selectively toxic
Synthetic quinolone useful ONLY in the treatment of urinary tract infections
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis: rare
broad spectrum
kills gram +
not as toxic
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Broad-spectrum
bacteriostatic
inhibit the conversion of PABA into folic acid, which blocks the
production of DNA and RNA
The 2 drugs act synergistically
slows down drug resistance