Chapter 15 Flashcards
mechanism of pathogenicity
how we get sick
pathogens use…
portal of entry
what is a critical early step for pathogens
adherence
key portals of entry
mucus membranes (respiratory, digestive, genitourinary)
skin
parental route (bypasses skin and mucus membrane, BITES)
portal of exit is usually the same as…
portal of entry
what are the most common portals of entries
mucus membranes of respiratory, digestive, and urinary systems
example of parenteral route
broken skin, bite
what are TORCH infections
organisms that cross the placenta
T in TORCH stands for..
Toxoplasmosis gondii - found in cat feces, why women are supposed to avoid kitty litter
R in TORCH stands for…
congenital Rubella syndrome (CRS) - can lead to deafness, cataracts, etc.
C in TORCH stands for..
congenital CM, when a baby is born with cytomegalovirus infection
O in TORCH stands for…
other (syphilis, HIV, hep B, chicken pox, 5th disease)
ID-50
infection dose - number of organisms it would take to cause infection in 50% of people
LD-50
lethal dose - how many toxins kill 50% of infected people
ID50 can changed based on…
portal of entry
endotoxin
lipid membrane of gram negative bacteria
exotoxins
produced by gram positive bacteria
gram negative bacteria produce…
Lipid A (endotoxin)
gram positive bacteria produce…
unique toxins
endotoxins cause…
general symptoms
most exotoxins are destroyed around _______
41 degrees C (105.8 F)
exotoxins cause…
specific symptoms depending on the toxin
endotoxins are…
heat stable
example of an endotoxin surviving at higher temps
staphylococcus entertoxin
exotoxins can be converted to…
toxoids (vaccines) and neutralized by antitoxin therapies
LD50 for endotoxins are…
low
endotoxins can induce
fevers
