Unit 3 questions Flashcards
What is an ethnic religion?
A religion that does not actively seek converts, so it does not diffuse much outside of the hearth.
What are the major universalizing religions?
christianity, buddhism, islam
What are the major ethnic religions?
hinduism, judaism
What is a religion branch?
A break-off of a religion (Islam-Shiite)
What is a denomination?
A break-off of a branch (Christianity-Protestant-Baptist)
What is a sect?
A break-off of a denomination (Christianity-protestant-baptist-southern baptist)
Explain the three branches of Christianity
Catholic(51%), Protestant(24%), Orthodox(11%)
Explain the two branches of Islam
Shiite (83%), Sunni (24%)
Explain the three branches of buddhism
Mahayana, Theravada, Vajrayana
What is the world’s largest ethnic religion?
hinduism
What is a syncretic religion?
A combination of religions
What is Animism?
The belief that parts of nature/natural events have a living conscious/soul.
What are “the people of the book”?
Jews, Muslims, Christians (believe in the same God, believe in Abraham, Christians and Jews both have the old-testament); they all use books
How is Switzerland able to be peaceful even though it is multilingual?
more power is given to the people than the federal government
What is the significance of the Basque?
An isolated language w/ no language family isolated in the mountains
How have celtic languages been preserved
Diffusion from higher power works to bring it back
What is a lingua franca?
A language used for business
What is the role of spanish in the US
spaniard colonization in the south
How are the places of origin different in ethnic and universalizing religions?
ethnic- usually unknown
universal- precise origins of an important man
What is the primary mode of diffusion for ethnic religions?
relocation
What is balkanization?
violent break-up of a state
What impact do sacred places have on their religion’s followers?
pride, where they travel, what they take care of
How do religions spread
relocation, trade, warfare, media, missionaries
What is an autonomous religion?
no hiearchy
What is fundamentalism?
taking a religion too literally
what is the caste system?
Hindu rank that related to social order and reincarnation
What are the differences between interfaith and intrafaith?
inter- two different religions
intra- in the same religion
Explain the conflicts with Palestine and Israel:
palestinians became israel’s opponents (WWII Jews had to return). UN came to take the land away. Palestein: Muslim, Israel: Jewish
race
biological appearence
ethnic
cultural background
nationality
legal citizenship
what are centripetal/ centrifugal forces?
centripetal- unites religions/ states
centrifugal- breaks apart religions/ states
why does ethnic conflict break out?
when there are more centrifugal forces
why are states partitioned by outside forces?
to try and maintain peace
What is ethnic cleansing
getting rid of an ethnicity
why is judaism not like other ethnic religions?
the majority practices outside of the hearth
Explain core, domain, and sphere
core: 95%
domain: 75%
sphere: 50%
what religions put the most emphasis on pilgramage?
buddhism & islam
How can pilgrimage aid diffusion?
joins people together
What is the Ka’ba?
big, black cube in Mecca where muslims take a pilgrimage
What is a utopian settlement?
ideal community built around religion. A place so perfect laws/ money is not necessary and everything is done through morals.
What is a hierarchical religion?
Has a power structure
What is the power structure of the Catholic Church?
Pope-cardinal- arch bishop- bishop- priest
What is an autonomous religion?
No hierarchy
What are the different types of language?
Alphabetic, syllabic, ideogrammic
What is alphabetic writing?
Uses an alphabet
What is syllabic writing?
Each character represents a syllable
What is ideogrammatic writing?
Uses symbols for phrases/ actions
What is the second largest language family?
Sino-tiberian
What is the most spoken official language?
Mandarin
What is an isolated language family?
A language that is untouched and does not diffuse
What makes African languages unique?
Lack a written tradition
What group/location/languages belong with the Indo-iranic branch
Indo European/South Asia, Hindi/denghali/Iranian/Pashtun
What group/location/languages belong with the romance branch?
Latin/SW Europe/Spanish/Portuguese/ French/ Italian
How did English diffuse globally?
Relocation colonization/ imperilization
What is a dialect?
Version of a language (vocab, spelling, pronunciation)
What is an isogloss
A boarder where the languages/ dialect change
What is BRP
British Received Pronunciation (England’s standard language)
5 pillars
Islam beliefs
4 Nobel truths
Buddhist beliefs
