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AP human geography > agriculture flashcards > Flashcards

agriculture flashcards

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1
Q

What is aquaculture?

A

the “farming” of aquatic creatures and plants

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2
Q

What is the Bid-Rent Theory?

A

price and demand for real estate increases as the distance from the city increases

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3
Q

What is biotechnology?

A

using living organisms to develop/make products

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4
Q

What is carrying capacity?

A

How many people a farm can support

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5
Q

What is clustered settlement?

A

Everyone in a population live in a close proximity

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6
Q

What is the Columbian Exchange?

A

bringing new agriculture, socializations, and disease from the old world to the new world

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7
Q

What is Commercial Agriculture?

A

Farming for larger companies

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8
Q

What is monocropping?

A

only growing one crop at a time without rotating

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9
Q

What is a Commodity Chain?

A

process of growing a product to getting to the consumer

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10
Q

What is community supported agriculture?

A

a group of people supporting local farms while sharing risks as well

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11
Q

What is deforestation?

A

destruction of part of a forest usually for farming

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12
Q

What is desertification?

A

process of a place being turned into a desert

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13
Q

What is dispersed settlement?

A

isolated farms/settlements

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14
Q

What is draining wetlands?

A

removing the water out of wetlands to use for agriculture

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15
Q

What are economies of scale?

A

increasing efficiency of production as the number of goods being produced increases and/or cost per unit of production decreases as the volume of product increases

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16
Q

What is extensive farming?

A

An agricultural system that uses the products for commercialization/ the global market on a larger lot of land

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17
Q

What is fair trade?

A

producers and laborers are paid fair prices

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18
Q

What is the fertile crescent?

A

area in the middle east that used to be very fertile

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19
Q

What is a food desert?

A

an area lacking access to healthy/affordable food

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20
Q

What is food insecurity?

A

nutritious food is too expensive so a family struggles to stay healthy

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21
Q

What are genetically modified organisms?

A

the genetics/DNA in crops is altered to have more desirable traits

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22
Q

What is the global supply chain?

A

working around the world for a product/company/service

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23
Q

What is the Green Revolution?

A

introducing technology to LDCs which boosted the amount of food globally, however the chemicals developed create environmental problems

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24
Q

What are intensive farming practices?

A

More manual labor, smaller land, but most of the food is for families or the local community

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25
Q

What is irrigation?

A

water is taken from natural resources to be spread evenly for agriculture

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26
Q

What is a linear settlement?

A

settlement in a long line along a body of water

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27
Q

What are local food movements?

A

connect food producers to the food consumers

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28
Q

What is farm to table?

A

the process of something getting from the farm to someone’s table
restaurants that use food directly from a local farm/garden

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29
Q

What is a long lot?

A

land is distributed in strips of land

30
Q

What is market gardening?

A

the small scale production of fruits and vegetables sold directly to the consumer as is

31
Q

What is mediterranean climate?

A

hot and dry summers with wet and cold winters

32
Q

What is metes and bounds

A

uses different physical features, etc. to determine boundaries

33
Q

What is organic farming?

A

no pesticides, GMOs, or herbicides

34
Q

What is pastoral nomadism?

A

people move with their livestock

35
Q

What are rural settlement patterns

A

sparsely settled places away from the influence of big cities

36
Q

What are rural survey methods?

A

ways boundaries of agricultural land is distributed

37
Q

What is the second agricultural revolution?

A

goes with the industrial revolution, introduces machines and technology

38
Q

What is shifting cultuvation?

A

short periods of cultivation are followed by long periods to allow the soil to re fertilize

39
Q

What is slash and burn?

A

burning a portion of a forest so the soil can be used for farming/agriculture

40
Q

What is soil salinization?

A

When soil is watered, but the water evaporates leaving behind the salt from the products for vegetation

41
Q

What is subsistence agriculture

A

agriculture farmed for the family

42
Q

What is terrace farming?

A

building steps on a hill/mountain to farm

43
Q

What is township and range?

A

rectangular land division scheme to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands

44
Q

What is urban farming?

A

growing food for the local market rather than large corperations

45
Q

What is a value added specialty crop?

A

crops/goods being turned into another product to raise the value?

45
Q

What is a value added specialty crop?

A

crops/goods being turned into another product to raise the value

46
Q

What is Vertical Integration?

A

one entity controls the whole process of the commodity chain

47
Q

What are hydroponics?

A

growing crops in water

48
Q

What is double cropping?

A

growing two crops at a time

49
Q

What is intertillage?

A

tillage between rows of crop plants

50
Q

What is the third agricultural revolution?

A

GMOs, chemicals, technology for LDCs

51
Q

What are pesticides?

A

chemicals to kill pests on crops

52
Q

What are herbicides?

A

chemicals to kill plants stunting the growth of crops

53
Q

What are the extensive types of agriculture?

A

shifting cultivation, nomadic herding, livestock ranching, commercial grain, plantation

54
Q

What are the intensive types of agriculture?

A

market gardening, mixed crop and livestock, mediterranean, dairy farm

55
Q

What are the two subsistence types of agriculture?

A

shifting cultivation, nomadic herding

56
Q

What is domestication?

A

adapting crops and animals to obey human commands

57
Q

What was the commons?

A

shared land, clustered settlement in England

58
Q

What were the Enclosure Acts?

A

dividing/selling the commons for individual use

59
Q

Where was the first agricultural revolution?

A

fertile crescent

60
Q

What was the diffusion of the first agricultural revolution?

A

trade routes and columbian exchange

61
Q

What were the characteristics of the first agricultural revolution?

A

first domestication, nomadic hunters and gatherers

62
Q

Pros and cons of aquaculture

A

allows natural populations to rebound, less inputs, disease, antibiotics, invasive species, and animal waste

63
Q

What are the pros and cons of CAFOs?

A

cons: excess animal waste, antibiotics, gas
pros: cheap meat

64
Q

What are the assumptions of the Von Thunen model?

A

all land is flat, fair, trade, oxcarts and straight transportation, singular and isolated state

65
Q

What is still valid with the Von Thunen Model?

A

land and shipping cost

66
Q

where is corn grown?

A

idaho

67
Q

Where is wheat grown?

A

Kansas

68
Q

Where are pigs?

A

by corn

69
Q

Where are cows?

A

by what

AP human geography (10 decks)

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