agriculture flashcards
What is aquaculture?
the “farming” of aquatic creatures and plants
What is the Bid-Rent Theory?
price and demand for real estate increases as the distance from the city increases
What is biotechnology?
using living organisms to develop/make products
What is carrying capacity?
How many people a farm can support
What is clustered settlement?
Everyone in a population live in a close proximity
What is the Columbian Exchange?
bringing new agriculture, socializations, and disease from the old world to the new world
What is Commercial Agriculture?
Farming for larger companies
What is monocropping?
only growing one crop at a time without rotating
What is a Commodity Chain?
process of growing a product to getting to the consumer
What is community supported agriculture?
a group of people supporting local farms while sharing risks as well
What is deforestation?
destruction of part of a forest usually for farming
What is desertification?
process of a place being turned into a desert
What is dispersed settlement?
isolated farms/settlements
What is draining wetlands?
removing the water out of wetlands to use for agriculture
What are economies of scale?
increasing efficiency of production as the number of goods being produced increases and/or cost per unit of production decreases as the volume of product increases
What is extensive farming?
An agricultural system that uses the products for commercialization/ the global market on a larger lot of land
What is fair trade?
producers and laborers are paid fair prices
What is the fertile crescent?
area in the middle east that used to be very fertile
What is a food desert?
an area lacking access to healthy/affordable food
What is food insecurity?
nutritious food is too expensive so a family struggles to stay healthy
What are genetically modified organisms?
the genetics/DNA in crops is altered to have more desirable traits
What is the global supply chain?
working around the world for a product/company/service
What is the Green Revolution?
introducing technology to LDCs which boosted the amount of food globally, however the chemicals developed create environmental problems
What are intensive farming practices?
More manual labor, smaller land, but most of the food is for families or the local community
What is irrigation?
water is taken from natural resources to be spread evenly for agriculture
What is a linear settlement?
settlement in a long line along a body of water
What are local food movements?
connect food producers to the food consumers
What is farm to table?
the process of something getting from the farm to someone’s table
restaurants that use food directly from a local farm/garden
What is a long lot?
land is distributed in strips of land
What is market gardening?
the small scale production of fruits and vegetables sold directly to the consumer as is
What is mediterranean climate?
hot and dry summers with wet and cold winters
What is metes and bounds
uses different physical features, etc. to determine boundaries
What is organic farming?
no pesticides, GMOs, or herbicides
What is pastoral nomadism?
people move with their livestock
What are rural settlement patterns
sparsely settled places away from the influence of big cities
What are rural survey methods?
ways boundaries of agricultural land is distributed
What is the second agricultural revolution?
goes with the industrial revolution, introduces machines and technology
What is shifting cultuvation?
short periods of cultivation are followed by long periods to allow the soil to re fertilize
What is slash and burn?
burning a portion of a forest so the soil can be used for farming/agriculture
What is soil salinization?
When soil is watered, but the water evaporates leaving behind the salt from the products for vegetation
What is subsistence agriculture
agriculture farmed for the family
What is terrace farming?
building steps on a hill/mountain to farm
What is township and range?
rectangular land division scheme to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands
What is urban farming?
growing food for the local market rather than large corperations
What is a value added specialty crop?
crops/goods being turned into another product to raise the value?
What is a value added specialty crop?
crops/goods being turned into another product to raise the value
What is Vertical Integration?
one entity controls the whole process of the commodity chain
What are hydroponics?
growing crops in water
What is double cropping?
growing two crops at a time
What is intertillage?
tillage between rows of crop plants
What is the third agricultural revolution?
GMOs, chemicals, technology for LDCs
What are pesticides?
chemicals to kill pests on crops
What are herbicides?
chemicals to kill plants stunting the growth of crops
What are the extensive types of agriculture?
shifting cultivation, nomadic herding, livestock ranching, commercial grain, plantation
What are the intensive types of agriculture?
market gardening, mixed crop and livestock, mediterranean, dairy farm
What are the two subsistence types of agriculture?
shifting cultivation, nomadic herding
What is domestication?
adapting crops and animals to obey human commands
What was the commons?
shared land, clustered settlement in England
What were the Enclosure Acts?
dividing/selling the commons for individual use
Where was the first agricultural revolution?
fertile crescent
What was the diffusion of the first agricultural revolution?
trade routes and columbian exchange
What were the characteristics of the first agricultural revolution?
first domestication, nomadic hunters and gatherers
Pros and cons of aquaculture
allows natural populations to rebound, less inputs, disease, antibiotics, invasive species, and animal waste
What are the pros and cons of CAFOs?
cons: excess animal waste, antibiotics, gas
pros: cheap meat
What are the assumptions of the Von Thunen model?
all land is flat, fair, trade, oxcarts and straight transportation, singular and isolated state
What is still valid with the Von Thunen Model?
land and shipping cost
where is corn grown?
idaho
Where is wheat grown?
Kansas
Where are pigs?
by corn
Where are cows?
by what
