🧡 Unit 3: Major Macromolecules - Lipids Flashcards
Lipids
long carbon chains saturated with hydrogen creating non polar covalent bonds
- NOT water soluble
- 1:2 C to H ratio
- Small quantities of P,N,S present
(ex: oils, fats, waxes)
Types of Lipids
- Fatty Acids
- Glycerides
- Phospholipids
- Steroids
Fatty Acids
Contains carboxyl group (COOH) that’s hydrophilic and hydrocarbon tail that’s hydrophobic
Types of Fatty Acids
Saturated and Unsaturated
Saturated Fatty Acids
- Found in animals
- Solid
- NO 2x carbon bonds
- Increased risk for heart disease
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
- Found in plants
- Liquid
- Has 2x carbon bonds
- More heart healthy
Glycerides
made of fatty acid chains attached to glycerol, 3-carbons
Types of Glycerides
- Monoglycerides
- Diglycerides
- Triglycerides
Monoglycerides
glycerol and 1 fatty acid
Diglycerides
glycerol and 2 fatty acids
Triglycerides
glycerol and 3 fatty acids
What’s the function of glycerides?
energy storage, insulation, protection
Where and how are fatty acids attached to glycerol?
carboxyl ends by dehydration synthesis
How are fatty acids separated from glycerol?
Hydrolysis
Phopholipids
phosphate group links a diglyceride to a non-lipid group containing nitrogen
What makes up a phopholipid?
- Hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail
- Hydrophilic non-lipid head
Amphipathic
molecules with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions
Why are phospholipids important?
Form the cell/plasma membrane
Steroids
made from cholesterol base, (3) 6-carbon rings and (1) 5-carbon ring
What’s within the phospholipid bilayer that helps stabilize the membrane?
Cholesterol
What hormones are synthesized from cholesterol?
- Estrogen
- Testosterone
- Cortisol
What makes cholesterol?
Liver
Too much cholesterol leads to what?
Heart Disease
