UNIT 3 - LECTURE Flashcards
What are the three main classifications of joints?
Fibrous Joints, Cartilaginous Joints, Synovial Joints
What type of movement do most fibrous joints allow?
Most fibrous joints are SYNARTHROTIC - do not allow movement.
What are sutures?
Joints between the bones of the skull.
What are gomphoses?
Joints between the teeth and maxilla/mandible.
What are syndesmoses?
Interosseous membrane holds bones together.
What type of movement do most cartilaginous joints allow?
Most cartilaginous joints are amphiarthrotic - allow some movement.
What are synchondroses?
Bones united by hyaline cartilage.
What are examples of synchondroses?
Epiphyseal plate, costal cartilage, intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis.
What are symphyses?
Bones united by fibrocartilage pad.
What characterizes synovial joints?
Bones are held together by an articular capsule containing synovial fluid.
What type of movement do synovial joints allow?
Synovial joints are diarthrotic - allow free movement.
What are the components of a synovial joint?
Fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, joint cavity containing synovial fluid.
Types of Synovial Joints:
Plane joint
Nonaxial joint in which two flat surfaces glide over each other.
Types of Synovial Joints:
Pivot joint
Uniaxial joint in which the rounded articular surface of one bone fits into a groove of another bone and is held in place by a ligamentous ring.
Types of Synovial Joints:
Saddle joint
Biaxial joint in which each artic-ular surface has both convex and concave regions.
Types of Synovial Joints:
Hinge joint
Hinge joint
Types of Synovial Joints:
Condyloid joint
Biaxial joint in which the oval, convex articulating surface of one bone fits into the shallow depres-sion of another bone.
Types of Synovial Joints:
Ball & Socket joint
Multiaxial joint in which the spherical articular surface of one bone fits into a cup or socket of another bone.
What is flexion?
Decreasing angle of a joint in the sagittal plane.
What is extension?
Increasing angle of a joint in the sagittal plane.
What is abduction?
Increase angle of a joint in the frontal plane (to take it away).
What is adduction?
To decrease angle of a joint in the frontal plane (to bring it in).
What is rotation?
To swivel in place.
What is supination?
To bring the palm forward.
What is pronation?
To bring the palm backward.
What is circumduction?
To make a cone in space.
What is dorsiflexion?
To bring toes toward head.
What is plantarflexion?
To push toes down (away from head).
What is inversion?
To bring sole of foot in.
What is eversion?
To bring sole of foot away from the midline.
What is opposition?
Opposition occurs only at the thumb or first carpometacarpal joint, and involves movement of the thumb across the palmar surface of the hand. You can perform this motion by using your thumb to touch the tips of your other four fingers. Opposition is important for grasping objects.
What is reposition?
Reposition is the return of the thumb to its anatomical position.
What is depression?
Depression is the movement of a body part in an inferior direction. For instance, opening the mouth depresses the mandible, which moves inferiorly relative to the maxilla.
1 of 2 movements that are combined in mastication (chewing).
What is elevation?
Elevation is the opposite of depression in which, for example, the mandible is pulled up toward the maxilla in a superior direction.
1 of 2 movements that are combined in mastication (chewing).
What is protraction?
Protraction moves a body part in the anterior direction. Moving the mandible forward so the inferior teeth stick out is an example of protraction.
The mandible moves anteriorly to the maxilla during this motion.
