UNIT 1 - PART 3 - Tissues Flashcards
Nucleus
- contains the DNA which is the instructions for how proteins are made.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- storage of substances
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
- storage, has ribosomes which make
protein based on instructions from the nucleus
Mitochondria
- aerobically (uses oxygen) produces ATP. ATP is the energy currency used to fuel chemical reactions.
Centrosomes
- (2 centrioles) creates the webbing inside the cell (cytoskeleton) all organelles suspended within.
Lysosomes
- initiate cell self-destruction (apoptosis). Important for development and protection.
Golgi Apparatus
- receiving and distribution center of the cell.
Vesicles will contain and deliver goods throughout the cell.
Cell membrane
- barrier to protect the inside of the cell. Plays a large roll in cell function because
it is selectively permeable.
Epithelial Tissues
- Covers exposed
regions - Lines internal
passageways - Produce glandular
secretions
Connective Tissues
- Fill internal spaces
- Provides support
- Stores energy
Muscle Tissues
- Contract to allow
movement
Neural Tissues
- Conducts electrical
impulses - Carries information
Simple Epithelium
[classification based on number of cell layers]
Epithelia with only a single layer of cells.
Stratified Epithelium
[classification based on number of cell layers]
Epithelia with more than one cell layer.
Pseudo-stratified Epithelium
[classification based on number of cell layers]
Epithelia that have only a single layer of cells but appear to be multilayered.
Shape of Cells:
SQUAMOUS CELLS
(SKWAY-muss; squam- = “scales”)
[classification based on the shape of cells in those layers]
Epithelial cells that are flat and scale-like in appearance and are constantly shed and replaced by new cells. They protect the skin from evaporation and from outside forces that could puncture the skin and, thus, cause bleeding.
They are found in the top layer of the skin, called the epidermis.They are also found in the mouth, throat, esophagus, lungs, cervix, anus, and bladder.
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
What does it look like?
Very thin lines, lots of space
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
What are its functions?
Allows substances to diffuse
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
What is an Example or Location?
Lining of the alveoli
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
What does it look like?
Cube-like cells, single row
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
What are its functions?
Secretion & Absorption
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
What is an Example or Location?
Tubules of the kidney
SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
What does it look like?
Column like cells, single row
SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
What are its functions?
Secretion & Absorption
SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
What is an Example or Location?
Inner lining of the digestive tract
PSUEDOSTATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
What does it look like?
Squished column cells, single row, but looks like many
PSUEDOSTATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
What are its functions?
Secretion
PSUEDOSTATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
What is an Example or Location?
Inner lining of the respiratory tract
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
What does it look like?
Several rows of flat cells
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
What are its functions?
Protection
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
What is an Example or Location?
Epidermis of the skin
TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
What are its functions?
Protection, allows shape to change
TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
What does it look like?
Starts as one type of cell shape and then shape changes in other rows
TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
What is an Example or Location?
Inner lining of the urinary bladder
AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
What does it look like?
Looks like a road map
AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
What are its functions?
Surrounds organs to encapsulate & protect
AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
What is an Example or Location?
Outer layer of all major organs
ADIPOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
What does it look like?
Looks like eyeballs
ADIPOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
What are its functions?
Stores energy; insulation & cushioning
ADIPOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
What is an Example or Location?
Under skin (hypodermis)
RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
What does it look like?
Looks like branches of a tree
RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
What are its functions?
Allows a region for other cells to move within
RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
What is an Example or Location?
Spleen
DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE
What does it look like?
Striped appearance, bands of clear
DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE
What are its functions?
Attaches muscle to bone (tendon), bone to bone (ligament)
DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE
What is an Example or Location?
Tendons & Ligaments
DENSE IRREGULAR CT
What does it look like?
Like dense regular, but it looks disorganized
DENSE IRREGULAR CT
What are its functions?
Makes fibrous capsules for synovial joints
DENSE IRREGULAR CT
What is an Example or Location?
Capsule that surrounds shoulder joint
HYALINE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
What does it look like?
Looks like jello but with fruit in it
HYALINE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
What are its functions?
Acts like bone but bends slightly
HYALINE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
What is an Example or Location?
Costal cartilage connecting ribs to the sternum
ELASTIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE
What does it look like?
Many elastic fibers, like a close up of a rubber band
ELASTIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE
What are its functions?
Allows tissue to stretch and recoil
ELASTIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE
What is an Example or Location?
Walls of the aorta
ELASTIC CARTILAGE CT
What does it look like?
Looks like mouths opening & closing
ELASTIC CARTILAGE CT
What are its functions?
Can bend without breaking
ELASTIC CARTILAGE CT
What is an Example or Location?
Pinna & epiglottis
FIBROCARTILAGE CT
What does it look like?
Looks like dirty waves
FIBROCARTILAGE CT
What are its functions?
Shock absorber
FIBROCARTILAGE CT
What is an Example or Location?
Intervertebral discs
(between vertebrae)
OSSEUS (BONE) CT
What does it look like?
Looks like chopped down trees
OSSEUS (BONE) CT
What are its functions?
Protects, makes frame for soft tissue to attach to
OSSEUS (BONE) CT
What is an Example or Location?
Skull, humerus
BLOOD (CT)
What does it look like?
Looks like pink inner tubes floating in a pool
BLOOD (CT)
What are its functions?
Transports gasses
BLOOD (CT)
What is an Example or Location?
Found inside blood vessels
NERVOUS TISSUE
What does it look like?
Looks like a bunch of octopuses fighting each other
NERVOUS TISSUE
What are its functions?
Conducts electrical signals
NERVOUS TISSUE
What is an Example or Location?
Brain
SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE
What does it look like?
Very organized, striated appearance; Looks like a woven rug
SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE
What are its functions?
Voluntary movement
SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE
What is an Example or Location?
Triceps brachii
CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE
What does it look like?
Looks kind of like skeletal muscle, but branched. Looks like bamboo.
CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE
What are its functions?
Involuntary contraction of heart
SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE
What does it look like?
Spindle shaped cells squished together
CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE
What is an Example or Location?
Walls of the heart
SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE
What are its functions?
Involuntary contraction of tubes in the body
SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE
What is an Example or Location?
Walls of digestive tract