UNIT 2 - BONE MARKINGS

Question 2

What are the four distinct parts of a long bone?

Answer 2

The four distinct parts of a long bone are the head (epiphysis), neck (metaphysis), body (diaphysis), and articular surface.

Question 3

What does the term ‘epiphysis’ refer to?

Answer 3

The epiphysis refers to the rounded portion found at either end of a long bone.

Question 4

What is the metaphysis?

Answer 4

The metaphysis is the widest part of a long bone, located between the epiphysis and diaphysis.

Question 5

What does the diaphysis represent?

Answer 5

The diaphysis refers to the central shaft running between the proximal and distal ends of the bone.

Question 6

What is the articular surface of a bone?

Answer 6

The articular surface is the area of the bone that comes in close proximity with neighbouring bones.

Question 7

What are bony projections?

Answer 7

Bony projections are areas of bone that project above the bone surface and serve as attachment points for tendons and ligaments.

Question 8

What is a condyle?

Answer 8

A condyle is a rounded knob that forms articulations with other bones, providing structural support to the articular surface.

Question 9

What is an epicondyle?

Answer 9

An epicondyle is a bony area on or above a condyle, mainly serving as an area for muscle or ligament attachment.

Example: medial epicondyle of humerus.

Question 10

What is a process in bone anatomy?

Answer 10

A process is a bulging bony outgrowth of a larger bone.

Example: mastoid process.

Question 11

What is a protuberance?

Answer 11

A protuberance is a swelling, bulging, or protruding part of bone.

Example: external occipital protuberance.

Question 12

What is the difference between a tubercle and a tuberosity?

Answer 12

A tubercle is a small rounded prominence, while a tuberosity is larger, often rough in texture.

Example: adductor tubercle of femur (tubercle) and ulnar tuberosity (tuberosity).

Question 13

What is a trochanter?

Answer 13

A trochanter is a very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process of the femur that serves as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments.

Question 14

What is a spine in bone anatomy?

Answer 14

The spine (or spinous process) is a sharp, slender projection of the bone useful for attachment of muscles or ligaments.

Example: spine of sphenoid bone.

Question 15

What does the term ‘linea’ refer to?

Answer 15

The term linea refers to a subtle, long, and narrow impression on a bone.

Question 16

What is a facet?

Answer 16

A facet is a flat smooth area of the bone which serves as an articular surface.

Example: acromial facet of clavicle.

Question 17

What are crests and ridges in bone anatomy?

Answer 17

Crests are prominent, raised edges of a bone, while ridges are linear elevations or margins.

Question 18

What is a foramen?

Answer 18

A foramen is a hole or opening in a bone, usually through which nerves and blood vessels pass.

Example: jugular foramen.

Question 19

What is a fissure?

Answer 19

A fissure is an open slit, groove, or depression in a bone, often housing nerves and blood vessels.

Example: inferior orbital fissure.

Question 20

What is a meatus?

Answer 20

A meatus is a short, tube-like channel extending into the bone, providing passage and protection to nerves and vessels.

Example: external acoustic meatus.

Question 21

What is a fossa?

Answer 21

A fossa is a broad and shallow depression in the bone surface, often supporting brain structures or receiving another articulating bone.

Example: temporal fossa.

Question 22

What is a fovea?

Answer 22

A fovea is a small pit or depression in a bone, similar to a fossa but generally much smaller.

Example: fovea capitis.

Question 23

What is a notch?

Answer 23

A notch is an indentation at the edge of a structure, like a cleft.

Example: scapular notch.

Question 24

What is a sulcus?

Answer 24

A sulcus is a furrow or fissure in a bone, often referred to as a groove.

Question 25

What is a sinus in bone anatomy?

Answer 25

A sinus is a cavity or hollow space within a bone.

Example: paranasal sinuses.