Unit 3 Key Terms

Question 1

French and Indian War

Answer 1

also known as seven years war, a conflict between Britain and France in North America over territorial control

Question 2

Proclamation of 1763

Answer 2

A royal decree prohibiting colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Question 3

The Enlightenment

Answer 3

An intellectual movement promoting reason, science, and individual rights in the 18th century.

Question 4

First Great Awakening

Answer 4

Religious revival in American colonies during the 18th century, promoted religious fervor and individual spirituality

Question 5

Stamp Act

Answer 5

A tax imposed by Britain on printed materials in the colonies, leading to protests.

Question 6

Boston Massacre

Answer 6

Colonists’ protest against British tea taxes by throwing tea into Boston Harbor in 1773.

Question 7

Boston Tea Party

Answer 7

1773 protest in which American colonists in Boston fought against British taxation by throwing tea overboard into the water

Question 8

Lexington and Concord

Answer 8

The first battles of the American Revolution in 1775.

Question 9

Saratoga

Answer 9

A crucial American victory during the Revolutionary War in 1777.

Question 10

Yorktown

Answer 10

The decisive battle in 1781 that led to the British surrender, effectively ending the Revolutionary War.

Question 11

Patriots and Loyalists

Answer 11

Patriots supported American independence, while Loyalists remained loyal to the British crown during the Revolution.

Question 12

Federalists

Answer 12

Supporters of a strong central government during the early American Republic.

Question 13

Anti-Federalists

Answer 13

Opponents of a strong central government, advocating for more state sovereignty.

Question 14

Democratic-Republicans

Answer 14

A political party led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, favoring a limited federal government.

Question 15

Thomas Paine

Answer 15

Author of “Common Sense,” advocating for American independence.

Question 16

Patrick Henry:

Answer 16

A prominent American orator known for his “Give me liberty or give me death!” speech.

Question 17

John Hancock

Answer 17

A Founding Father known for his prominent signature on the Declaration of Independence.

Question 18

Samuel Adams

Answer 18

A leader in colonial protests and a key figure in the American Revolution.

Question 19

Baron von Steuben

Answer 19

A Prussian military officer who trained American troops during the Revolutionary War.

Question 20

Benedict Arnold

Answer 20

A Continental Army general who later defected to the British side.

Question 21

Marquis de Lafayette

Answer 21

A French military officer who supported the American cause during the Revolution.

Question 22

Charles Cornwallis

Answer 22

A British general who surrendered to American forces at Yorktown.

Question 23

Second Continental Congress

Answer 23

The assembly that managed the Revolutionary War and adopted the Declaration of Independence.

Question 24

Constitutional Convention

Answer 24

The gathering that created the U.S. Constitution in 1787.

Question 25

Declaration of Independence

Answer 25

A document declaring American independence from British rule, adopted in 1776.

Question 26

Articles of Confederation

Answer 26

The first U.S. constitution, emphasizing state sovereignty.

Question 27

Treaty of Paris

Answer 27

The 1783 agreement that ended the Revolutionary War and recognized American independence.

Question 28

Constitution

Answer 28

The fundamental law of the United States, establishing its government and principles.

Question 29

Federalist Papers

Answer 29

A series of essays advocating for the ratification of the U.S. Constitution.

Question 30

Bill of Rights

Answer 30

The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, protecting individual liberties.

Question 31

Washington’s Farewell Address

Answer 31

George Washington’s advice to avoid political parties and foreign entanglements

Question 32

Paxton Boys

Answer 32

A group of Pennsylvania frontiersmen who engaged in vigilante actions during the 1760s.

Question 33

Carolina Regulators

Answer 33

A group of colonists in North and South Carolina who protested against corrupt officials and unfair taxation in the 1760s.

Question 34

Shays’ Rebellion

Answer 34

An armed uprising in Massachusetts in 1786-1787 led by Daniel Shays, protesting against economic injustices and high taxes.

Question 35

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 35

A protest against a federal excise tax on whiskey production in Western Pennsylvania in the early 1790s.

Question 36

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 36

A Founding Father known for his contributions to science, diplomacy, and American independence.

Question 37

John Jay

Answer 37

A Founding Father who negotiated the Treaty of Paris and was the first Chief Justice of the United States.

Question 38

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 38

A Founding Father, author of the Federalist Papers, and the first Secretary of the Treasury.

Question 39

George Washington

Answer 39

The first President of the United States and a general of the Continental Army

Question 40

John Adams

Answer 40

Founding father who was the second president of the United states and a key diplomat, delegate to Continental Congress

Question 41

XYZ Affair

Answer 41

A late 18th-century diplomatic crisis between the U.S. and France due to bribery demands from French agents X, Y, and Z.

Question 42

Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 42

Late 18th-century laws that allowed deportation of dangerous non-citizens and criminalized false statements about the government, limiting free speech.

Question 43

Embargo Act

Answer 43

A 1807 law by President Thomas Jefferson that banned American ships from foreign trade, with significant negative economic consequences.

Question 44

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 44

Third president of the United States, founding father, did not fight in war, author of declaration of independence, on 2$ bill

Question 45

James Madison

Answer 45

Fourth president of United States, founding father who wrote in Federalist papers, father of the constitution, created Virginia plan with strong central government

Question 46

Great/Connecticut Compromise

Answer 46

Bicameral legislature in Congress, giving proportional representation in the House of Representatives based on state population and equal representation in Senate, which was two people per state

Question 47

3/5ths Compromise

Answer 47

Agreement to count enslaved people as 3/5th of a person for determining representation and taxation in Congress

Question 48

Compromise of 1790

Answer 48

Political deal that resolved financial issues between federal government and states, led to location of US capital in Washington DC

Question 49

Iroquois Confederacy

Answer 49

Native American political and military alliance in northeast

Question 50

Barbary Coast Pirates

Answer 50

North African pirates who targeted American ships in 18th century, leading to the Barbary Wars

Question 51

Lewis and Clark

Answer 51

Explorers who led an expedition to explore the Western US in early 1800s

Question 52

Sacagawea

Answer 52

Shoshone woman who played role of guide and interpreter during Lewis’ and Clark’s expedition