Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geograghy > Unit 3 - Human Environment: A Tourist's World > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Human Environment: A Tourist's World Flashcards

1
Q

Define Leisure?

A

Any freely chosen activity that takes place in non-work time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Tourism?

A

The business or industry of providing information, accommodations, transportation, and other services to tourists.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define Domestic Tourism?

A

Someone who goes on holiday in the country that they are resident in (live in).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define International Tourism?

A

Someone who goes on holiday to a country they are not resident in e.g. they live in El Salvador but go to the US for holiday.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define a Resort?

A

A type of large hotel that offers extra facilities like swimming pools, spas, restaurants, bars, activities, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define Package Holidays?

A

This is when all aspects of a holiday e.g. flights, hotel, transfers, etc. are included in one overall price.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define All-inclusive?

A

A hotel or resort that includes everything e.g. food, activities and drink in one overall price.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How has tourism grown?

A

Tourism is a rapidly growing industry and is considered by many countries to be an important development strategy. Currently the majority of international tourists go to MEDCs, but many LEDCs are also seeing rapid growth in tourism. I will mention the growth in LEDC destinations a little later.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Reasons for Growth in Tourism: Leisure Time?

A

Most workers now enjoy a two day weekend and in addition are entitled to several weeks holiday. This holiday time can be spent going on holiday.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Reasons for Growth in Tourism: Paid Holiday?

A

Not only do an increasing amount of workers receive holiday, they are also paid for it. This means that people do not lose their weekly income by going on holiday.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Reasons for Growth in Tourism: Income?

A

More and more people are working in the secondary and tertiary sectors, where pay is generally higher. Also many more females are now working. This means that more people now have money to spend on holidays (higher disposable income).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Reasons for Growth in Tourism: Transport?

A

Air travel has become relatively cheaper and there are now more airports open for holiday flights. In addition road and rail networks have opened up new tourist destinations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Reasons for Growth in Tourism: Advertising?

A

People are now bombarded by holiday adverts on the internet, television, radio, mobile phones, billboards, etc. This makes people more aware of holiday destinations and possibly more tempted to book them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Reasons for Growth in Tourism: Travel Programs?

A

There are a huge amount of travel programs on television so people are able to view destinations that they have not heard of, tempting them to go.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Reasons for Growth in Tourism: Tourist facilities?

A

Tourist facilities have generally improved and increased in number. There are now many more hotels of all sizes and most have fairly standard services.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Reasons for Growth in Tourism: Freedom?

A

More people, especially women and the elderly are free to travel and go on holidays. In addition formerly closed countries like China now allow most of their citizens to travel.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Reasons for Growth in Tourism: Ease of Booking?

A

The internet has now made booking holidays much more straightforward. Also package holidays allow people to pay one price but have all aspects of their holiday paid for e.g. flights, hotels, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Reasons for Growth in Tourism: Retirement and Life Expectancy?

A

People are now living longer and remain healthier longer. An increasing amount of people also retire with a pension. This means that more people are fit enough and healthier enough to go on holiday.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Reasons for Growth in LEDCs?

A
  • New Destinations: People are getting increasingly bored of traditional locations and want to experience new and exotic destinations.
  • Exchange Rates: LEDCs often have weaker currencies making going on holiday to them a lot cheaper.
  • Advertising/Ease of Booking: LEDCs now advertise themselves much better and it is easier to book these destinations online.
  • Transport: Many countries have upgraded their transport infrastructure making travel to them easier.
  • Security: Many LEDCs are now much more stable with less security worries so more people are prepared to go on holiday to them.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Although the graph above shows that international tourism is generally increasing (with maybe the exception of 2007) regions can suffer temporary or even permanent declines. A region may experience a decline because of:

A
  • Terrorism e.g. Bali bombing or Mumbai terror attacks
  • Crime e.g. Mexico or even El Salvador
  • Natural disasters e.g. tsunami in Indian Ocean or hurricanes in the Caribbean
  • Economic downturn e.g. recessions and debt crisis in Europe
  • War e.g. Afghanistan.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Social/cultural Advantages of tourism?

A
  • Local people can perform traditional dance and music to tourists therefore protecting their local culture.
  • Tourists may pay to visit museums protecting local artifacts.
  • Historical ruins may be protected or rebuilt to attract tourists.
  • May improve countries reputation and create cross-cultural links.
  • Encourages education in order to work in tourist sector and should improve linguistic skills.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Social/cultural Disadvantages of tourism?

A
  • An increase in tourists may cause greater congestion, leading to longer periods spent away from families. Also increased transport may increase problems of asthma and traffic accidents.
  • Tourism can increase certain crimes, like prostitution and theft
  • People may become more materialistic and homogenised with the arrival of international tourists.
  • May create racial tensions between tourists and locals.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Economic Advantages of tourism?

A
  • Jobs are created for local workers in hotels, restaurants, etc.
  • Secondary jobs are also created in shops, maintenance firms, etc.
  • Workers and companies pay taxes to the government. This money can then be invested.
  • People learn new skills that can then be transferred to other parts of the economy.
  • New equipment or technology may be introduced to the country which again can be used in other sectors of the economy.
  • Local infrastructure like roads and electricity may be improved.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Economic disadvantages of tourism?

A
  • Many of managerial jobs go to overseas workers. Local workers often get low paid jobs
  • There is economic leakage (loss of money overseas) because many of the tourist companies are TNCs and the profit is sent elsewhere
  • Many jobs are only seasonal so workers are only paid half of the year e.g. the ski season is less than 6 months long.
  • The increased demand for products and services may cause inflation
  • Countries or regions may become dependent on just one industry.
  • May place pressure on infrastructure e.g. electricity and water supply.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Environmental Advantages of tourism?

A
  • National Parks may be created protecting areas of natural beauty.
  • Animals obtain an economic value if people are willing to pay to see them. If the value of the animal is greater alive than dead people will protect them. One good example of this is Mountain Gorillas which tourists will pay $500 to see.
26
Q

Environmental Disadvantages of tourism?

A
  • Sometimes tourist developments may cause the destruction of forests, sand dunes, etc.
  • Noise and light pollution created by tourist developments may also interfere with animals.
27
Q

What is the Butler Model?

A

The Butler’s model attempts to show the cycle that all products go through from them being launched to them flourishing or being discontinued. People have applied the Butler’s model to tourist destinations. The models shows that products or destinations go through six stages.

28
Q

The Six stages of the Butler Model?

A
  • Exploration: A newly discovered tourist location that only receives a very small amount of tourists.
  • Involvement: An area that becomes better known. Tourism is supported by the local population and they start to build basic tourist infrastructure.
  • Development: Tourism becomes an important sector of the economy. There is more investment from foreign tour firms. Infrastructure becomes developed.
  • Consolidation: Growth continues with resources diverted to the tourism sector. Areas may change to the exclusive use of tourists, possibly alienating locals.
  • Stagnation: There is increased opposition to tourism, tourist facilities may become tired and the number of tourist arrival plateaus or even declines.
  • Rejuvenation: A tourist destination rebrands itself or improves tourist facilities, offers promotions or improves transportation.
  • Decline: No improvements are made to the tourist destination and the number of tourists continues to declines.
29
Q

Primary Tourist Resource?

A

Pre-existing attractions that were not specifically built for the tourism industry e.g. churches, beaches, mountains, museums.

30
Q

Secondary Tourist Resource?

A

Facilities that are built specifically for the tourist industry e.g. hotels, restaurants, museums.

31
Q

Human Attraction?

A

An attraction that has been built or made by humans e.g. castles, churches, museums.

32
Q

Physical Attraction?

A

Natural attractions e.g. rivers, mountains, beaches or even the weather.

33
Q

National Park?

A

An area of land and water that is protected by law. Areas are normally made national parks because of their natural beauty and/or biodiversity.

34
Q

Honeypot?

A

A location that attracts a large amount of tourists.

35
Q

Second Homes?

A

A house that is not a person’s main residence. A person’s second home is normally their holiday home.

36
Q

Rural depopulation?

A

The movement of people out of the countryside.

37
Q

Service decline?

A

The reduction in the amount of services provided e.g. closure of bus routes, post offices, etc.

38
Q

Sustainable tourism?

A

Tourist activities that are socially, environmentally and economically sustainable.

39
Q

Ecotourism?

A

Holidays that involve eco-related activities and are sustainable e.g. hiking, bird-watching, horse riding, etc.

40
Q

Ecological Footprint?

A

This is a measure of your demand on the earth’s resources.

41
Q

The aims of Ecotourism?

A
  • Ensuring that tourism does not exploit the natural environment or local communities.
  • Consultation with local communities on planned developments.
  • Making sure that infrastructure improvements benefit local people and not just tourists.
42
Q

Ecotourism: Case Study?

A

‘Footsteps’ is an ecotourism destination in The Gambia. it is built in the style of a traditional African village compound, with nine accommodation huts. It is located close to the village of Gunjur and is open all round. Most of the tourist come from the UK.

43
Q

Footsteps: Staff?

A
  • 22 members of staff are employed from the local towns. They are trained and payed and employed all year round, they are not layed off in low season.
44
Q

Footsteps: swimming pool?

A
  • Swimming pool water is filtered through beds of reeds to get rid of impurities, instead of using chemicals.
45
Q

Footsteps: Electric?

A

Wind and Sun are used. Mainly sun because of wind turbine high running costs. Solar power freezer reduced the use of propane gas.

46
Q

Footsteps: Huts?

A

Huts are made from local wood and materials. They are made by local craftsmen. Fire in 2007 destroyed roofs of straw now made of concrete.

47
Q

Footsteps: Culture?

A

Guests can see local woman making ‘tie dye’ which has been handed down through the generations. This is kept alive by tourism.

48
Q

Black Pool: Exploration?

A
  • 1720 the only visitors were working class who would ride on the beach and bathe the sea.
  • 1735 Blackall’s first guest house was created specifically for visitors to Blackpool.
  • 1780 there were only 4 hotels.
49
Q

Black Pool: Involvement?

A
  • The first road to Blackpool was built.
  • buses run from Manchester and Halifax, this gave working class people quick access to the Blackpool resort.
  • The first railway opened in 1840.
  • more hotel facilities were built including cottages.
50
Q

Blackpool: Development?

A
  • Promenade was built along seafront in 1856.
  • The North pier opened in 1863.
  • facility started to be developed, this included the Royal Theatre.
51
Q

Blackpool: Consolidation?

A
  • The Raikes Hall Pleasure Gardens opened which included a Lake racecourse football and cricket ground skating rink Avery monkey house ballroom theatre and many other attractions were opened in 1872.
  • in 1872 there were 850,000 visitors.
  • 1878 Winter Gardens opened Blackpool’s first large indoor entertainment venue.
  • 1891 Blackpool tower was built.
  • 1893 S. Pier built.
52
Q

Blackpool: Stagnation?

A
  • 1972 Blackpool zoo opened?
  • 1975 M55 opened between the M6 and Blackpool which Ladyton easy to reach Blackpool by road.
  • The hounds Hill shopping centre opened. The first indoor shopping centre in Blackpool with 40 shop units.
53
Q

Blackpool: Rejuvenation?

A 
- In 2003 rejuvenation project started.
// 26,700 new jobs to be created.
// £2.2 billion of capital to be invested.
// 400,000 m² of retail Casselino leisure conference and office and airport development.
// 5700 new homes to be built.
// 7 million additional visitors per year expected.
// 127 hectares of Brownfield sites will be redeveloped.
54
Q

Positive impacts of tourism on Ayia Napa Cyprus?

A
  • Economic, tourism provides 20% of the GDP of Cyprus.
  • Environmental, New hotels are built with sewage facilities and fresh water supplies.
  • Social, The local youth in Ayia Napa have much better night life due to the clubs that have opened for tourists.
55
Q

Negative impacts of tourism in Ayia Napa Cyprus?

A
  • Economic, staff are not employed all year round because in the winter only 30% of hotel rooms are filled.
  • Environmental, The beach was used by Turtles to lay there eggs but they are no longer able to.
  • Social, The original inhabitants of Cyprus have been driven away by the poor behaviour of tourists.
56
Q

Positive impacts of tourism in Zanzibar?

A

Economic, Jobs are created for the locals in hotels.
Environmental, Stonetown is being designated as a world Heritage site and has given protection from tourism development.
Social, Internet access has improved as tourists demand this, locals now also have Internet access in cybercafes.

57
Q

Negative impacts of tourism in Zanzibar?

A

Economic, Jobs for locals in the hotels are very very low paid.
Environmental, sewage is put straight back into the sea.
Social, because tourists are more wealthier than the locals there has been an increase of theft and muggings.

58
Q

case study national park

A

The Lake District National Park was created in 1951.
Covering 880 square miles, it is the UK’s largest national park and receives 12 million visitors a year.
People come to the Lake District for hill walking, rock climbing, mountain biking, fishing and boating.
They also come to visit historical buildings, or just to enjoy the lakes and mountains.

59
Q

Effects of tourism case studies?

A

Machu Picchu, Peru
Zanzibar
Ayia Napa Cyprus

60
Q

Positive impacts of tourism Machu Picchu Peru?

A

E - porters paid $10 for four day trip, $40 million a year in income from Peruvian Gov
Env - No plastic bottels, tourist pay $50 for upkeep of trails.
S - numbers limited to 500 a day to reduce erosion, areas of reflection

61
Q

Negative impacts of tourism Machu Picchu Peru?

A

E - Profit made by Orient express hotels group leaves the country, bast paid jobs go to people from abroad.
Env - rubbish bins dumped in a pit 50 m from trail
S - Porters are not treated well by tour companies, some made to carry bags of 50 kilos.

Geograghy (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions