Unit 3: Endomembrane System (inc. nucleus & ribosomes)

Question 1

Material in the nucleus

Answer 1

A cell’s genes

AKA chromosomes, AKA DNA

*most of them, at least

Question 2

Surrounds nucleus

Answer 2

Nuclear envelope

Question 3

Describe the

Nuclear envelope

Answer 3

Two layers of membrane that enclose the nucleus, which connect at the pores

Question 4

Answer 4

Nuclear envelope

Question 5

Answer 5

Chromatin

Also correct: nucleoplasm*

*you don’t need to memorize this

Question 6

Answer 6

Nucleolus

(nu-clee-oh-lus)

Question 7

Answer 7

Nuclear pore

Question 8

Define

Chromosomes

Answer 8

Condensed DNA and proteins

Only found in cells that are dividing

Question 9

Define

Chromatin

Answer 9

Loose / unwound DNA and proteins

Found in cells that are not dividing

Question 10

Helps coil DNA

Answer 10

Histone proteins

Question 11

Function of the

Nuclear pore complex

Answer 11

Regulating what enters and leaves the nucleus; especially the RNA

Question 12

Function of the

Nucleolus

Answer 12

Make ribosomal RNA

Question 13

Types of molecules that ribosomes are made of

Answer 13

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins

Question 14

Two parts of a ribosome

Answer 14

Large and small subunit; each made of rRNA and proteins

Question 15

Function of the

Ribosomes

Answer 15

Assemble amino acids into polypeptides using instructions from DNA

Question 16

Importance of histone proteins

Answer 16

Coils eukaryotic DNA so it can all fit within nucleus

Question 17

Free ribosomes make…

Answer 17

proteins that stay in the cytosol

Question 18

Bound ribosomes make…

Answer 18

proteins that go into a vesicle or membrane

Question 19

Location of ribosomes

(two “types”)

Answer 19

Free: in cytosol
Bound: on ER

No ribosome is always free or bound; it’s based on current location

Question 20

Parts of the endomembrane system

Answer 20

• Nuclear envelope
• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi apparatus
• Transport vesicles
• Other vesicles (lysosomes, etc)
• Vacuoles

Question 21

How do materials move between parts of the endomembrane system?

Answer 21

Transport vesicles

Question 22

Define

Cisternae

Answer 22

Stacks of membranes that make up the ER and Golgi

Question 23

Define

Lumen

Answer 23

Spaces inside the ER, Golgi, or other membrane-bound structures

Question 24

List the

Functions of the Smooth ER

Answer 24

1. Make lipids
2. Detoxification
3. Calcium ion storage
4. Other metabolic stuff

Question 25

# List the Functions of the Rough ER

Answer 25

1. Modify proteins made by bound ribosomes 2. Make membranes

Question 26

The Golgi is like the _ of the cell | Always think of

Answer 26

Warehouse & Shipping Center

Question 27

# Functions of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 27

* Receives / modifies chemicals made by ER * Sorts / packages chemicals into vesicles

Question 28

# Describe Movement through Golgi

Answer 28

* Materials enter via transport vesicle on cis face * Move through cisternae * Exit via transport vesicle on trans face

Question 29

# Describe Lysosome

Answer 29

Vesicle full of digestive enzymes

Question 30

# Functions of Lysosomes

Answer 30

* Break down & recycle damaged cell organelles or macromolecules * Digest material in food vacuole * Digest foreign materials (ex: bacteria)

Question 31

# List 3 types of vacuoles

Answer 31

* Food * Contractile * Large central

Question 32

# Describe & provide function Contractile vacuole

Answer 32

Membranous sac of water, which can be expelled from a cell rapidly to cause the cell to move

Question 33

# Describe Large Central Vacuole

Answer 33

Membranous sac of water and other nutrients that take up the majority of many plant cells

Question 34

# Functions of Large Central Vacuole

Answer 34

* Water and nutrient storage * Provides turgor pressure to plant cells (outward pressure against cell walls)

Question 35

Answer 35

Endoplasmic reticulum | *Rough ER

Question 36

Answer 36

Golgi apparatus

Question 37

Answer 37

Smooth ER

Question 38

Answer 38

Vesicle (may be lysosome, peroxisome, transport, etc)

Question 39

| Be specific

Answer 39

Cis face of Golgi

Question 40

| Be specific

Answer 40

Lumen of Golgi

Question 41

| Be specific

Answer 41

Trans face of Golgi

Question 42

| Be specific

Answer 42

Cisterna of Golgi | Cisternae, pl

Question 43

Answer 43

Bound ribosome