Unit 1: the Scientific Method Flashcards
Define
Science
A process used to understand the natural world
Define
Hypothesis
A possible explanation of the natural world
Also called the alternate hypothesis (Ha)
Define
Scientific Method
A step-by-step process to “do science”
Usually involves forming hypotheses, which can be tested using observation or experiments
Define
Theory
A possible explanation of natural phenomena, which unites many hypotheses and has been supported by data
THEORIES ARE NOT HUNCHES!
Define
Deductive reasoning
Using general concepts to predict specific outcomes
Define
Inductive reasoning
Using specific information to draw general conclusions
Hypotheses must be…
Testable and falsifiable
Define
Independent variable
The variable that is being investigated to see what, if any, effect it has on another variable; X
Define
Dependent variable
The variable that may change in response to the independent variable; Y
Define
Controlled variables
Any factor that could influence a dependent variable, and so must be kept the same between experimental and control groups
Sometimes also called a confounding variable
Define
Experimental group
Receives the independent variable; is “tested on” during controlled experiment
Define
Control group
Does not receive independent variable in a controlled experiment
Define
Null Hypothesis (H0)
A statement that suggests there is no effect of one variable on another;
By disproving the null hypothesis, you are providing support for the hypothesis
Define
Prediction
Usually an “if/then” statement that is being tested
Used for supporting an alternate hypothesis
What are the two components of a good prediction?
If (action to be done)
then (expected outcome)
In other words:
If independent variable,
then dependent variable
Must be falsibiable!
