Unit 3: Cell Overview

Question 1

Prokaryote

Answer 1

Cells with no membrane-bound organelles

Question 2

Eukaryote

Answer 2

Cells with internal membranes that partition the cytoplasm into distinct regions (called organelles)

Question 3

Organisms that are prokaryotic

Answer 3

Members of the domains:
- Bacteria
- Archaea

Question 4

Four structures found in ALL CELLS

Answer 4

1. Cell membrane (aka plasma membrane) surrounding cell
2. Cytosol
3. Chromosomes / DNA
4. Ribosomes

Question 5

Cytosol

Answer 5

Jelly-like substance that fills all cells, in which organelles or other components may be suspended

Question 6

Chromosome

Answer 6

DNA (which carry genes) and associated proteins

Question 7

Function of the ribosome

Answer 7

Use info from DNA to make proteins

Question 8

Where is DNA found in each type of cell?

Answer 8

Prokaryote: Nucleoid region within the cytosol
Eukaryote: Membrane-bound structure (called the nucleus)

Question 9

What prokaryotic structure is shown here? What is its function?

Answer 9

Fimbriae - enables prokaryote to attach to substrate or other cells
or
Pillus (pl: pilli) - enables prokaryotes to join together during “sex”

Question 10

What prokaryotic structure is shown here? What is its function?

Answer 10

Flagella - whips around to cause random movement of prokaryote

NOTE: While it appears and works similarly to eukaryotic eukaryote, they are structurally very different!

Question 11

What prokaryotic structure is shown here?

Answer 11

Nucleoid region - where prokaryotic chromosome is

Question 12

What prokaryotic structure is shown here? What is its function?

Answer 12

Ribosome - makes proteins

Question 13

What prokaryotic structure is shown here? What is its function?

Answer 13

Glycocalyx, capsule, or slime layer
Not always present*

Layer outside of cell wall that can aid in protection, adhesion to other bacteria or cells, ormay serve other functions

Question 14

What prokaryotic structure is shown here? What is its function?

Answer 14

Cell wall - protects prokaryote against getting squished or taking in too much water from environment
Note: bacterial cell walls are composed of different macromolecules than the cell walls of plants or fungi

Question 15

What prokaryotic structure is shown here? What is its function?

Answer 15

Cell membrane - selectively permeable layer for exchanging material between cell and environment

Question 16

What prokaryotic structure is shown here?

Answer 16

Cytosol

Question 18

Organisms that are eukaryotic

Answer 18

Members of the domain:
- Eukarya (which includes protists, fungi, animals, and plants)