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AP Biology - Mrs. Unger 24-25 > Unit 2: Biochemistry Overview > Flashcards

Unit 2: Biochemistry Overview Flashcards

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1
Q

Define

Hydrocarbons

A

Chains of carbons and hydrogens

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2
Q

Define

Isomer

A

Any molecules with the same chemical formula but different arrangement of atoms

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3
Q

Define

Structural isomer

A

An isomer where the bonds are placed differently (ex: butane and isobutane)

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4
Q

Define

Geometric isomer

A

An isomer where the arrangement of atoms around double bonds differ

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5
Q

cis

A

Having functional groups and/or carbons that reside on the same side of a double bond

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6
Q

trans

A

Having functional groups and/or carbons that reside on opposite sides of a double bond

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7
Q

Define

Enantiomers

A

Mirror image isomers

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8
Q

Draw

Hydroxyl

A
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9
Q

Draw

Methyl

A
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10
Q

Draw

Carbonyl

A
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11
Q

Draw

Carboxyl

A
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12
Q

Draw

Amino

A
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13
Q

Draw

Phosphate

A
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14
Q

Draw

Sulfhydryl

A
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15
Q

List

Four types of macromolecules

A

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Lipids

Nucleic acids

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16
Q

Single units of macromolecules are called

A

monomers

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17
Q

Define

Polymer

A

Many connected monomers

18
Q

What reactions make and break polymers?

A

Dehydration synthesis makes polymers

Hydrolysis breaks polymers

19
Q

Energy in metabolic reactions

A

Making new bonds (forming polymers) requires energy

Breaking bonds (breaking down polymers) releases energy

20
Q

Identify the parts of a chemical reaction

A

Left: Reactants - what you start with in a chemical reaction
Right: Products - what you end with in a chemical reaction

21
Q

Apply the Law of Conservation of Matter to chemical reactions

A

Whatever atoms are present at the start of a reaction must also be present at the end

22
Q

Define

Metabolism

A

All chemical reactions that happen in an organism

23
Q

Catabolic Reactions

A

Metabolism where molecules are broken down and energy is released

24
Q

Anabolism

A

Metabolism where molecules are built, requiring an input of energy

25
Q

State the Two Laws of Thermodynamics

A

1st law: Energy cannot be created nor destroyed; it can be transformed or transferred
2nd law: All transfers and transformations of energy contribute to an increase in entropy in the universe

26
Q

The 1st Law of Thermodyanimcs is also known as

A

Principle of Conservation of Energy

27
Q

What is entropy?

A

Chaos / randomness
“Unusable” energy

28
Q

What happens to potential energy throughout a chemical reaction?

A

Reactants are stable (at their relative low point for potential energy)
Energy is absorbed which destabilizes the reactants, increasing potential energy
New bonds form, which releases energy and lowers potential energy
Products are stable (at a new relative low point for potential energy)

29
Q

Exergonic

A

Chemical reaction where more energy is released than required;
Net release of energy from chemical bonds

30
Q

Endergonic

A

Chemical reaction where more energy is absorbed than released;
Net increase of energy in chemical bonds

31
Q

What type of reactions lead to more complex molecules?

A

Endergonic (since energy is required)
If the reaction happens in a body/cell, then it is considered anabolic, the metabolic reaction where molecules are BUILT

32
Q

What type of reactions lead to a break down of complex molecules?

A

Exergonic (since energy is released)
If the reaction happens in a body/cell, then it is considered catabolic, the metabolic reaction where molecules are BROKEN DOWN

33
Q

What is made as a byproduct of all chemical reactions?

Think: energy

A

Heat / Entropy

34
Q

What energy-related terms are associated with dehydration reactions?

A

anabolism
endergonic

NOTE: This card has been edited/corrected.

35
Q

What energy-related terms are associated with hydrolysis reactions?

A

catabolic
exergonic

36
Q

List the four types of
large organic molecules

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

37
Q

Monomer of Carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

38
Q

Monomer of Triglycerides

A

Glycerol & 3 fatty acids

39
Q

Monomer of Proteins

A

amino acids

40
Q

Monomer of Nucleic acids

A

Nucleotides

AP Biology - Mrs. Unger 24-25 (21 decks)

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