Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Biology - Mrs. Unger 24-25 > Unit 2: Biochemistry Overview > Flashcards

Unit 2: Biochemistry Overview Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define

Hydrocarbons

A

Chains of carbons and hydrogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define

Isomer

A

Any molecules with the same chemical formula but different arrangement of atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define

Structural isomer

A

An isomer where the bonds are placed differently (ex: butane and isobutane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define

Geometric isomer

A

An isomer where the arrangement of atoms around double bonds differ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cis

A

Having functional groups and/or carbons that reside on the same side of a double bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

trans

A

Having functional groups and/or carbons that reside on opposite sides of a double bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define

Enantiomers

A

Mirror image isomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Draw

Hydroxyl

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Draw

Methyl

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Draw

Carbonyl

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Draw

Carboxyl

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Draw

Amino

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Draw

Phosphate

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Draw

Sulfhydryl

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List

Four types of macromolecules

A

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Lipids

Nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Single units of macromolecules are called

A

monomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define

Polymer

A

Many connected monomers

18
Q

What reactions make and break polymers?

A

Dehydration synthesis makes polymers

Hydrolysis breaks polymers

19
Q

Energy in metabolic reactions

A

Making new bonds (forming polymers) requires energy

Breaking bonds (breaking down polymers) releases energy

20
Q

Identify the parts of a chemical reaction

A

Left: Reactants - what you start with in a chemical reaction
Right: Products - what you end with in a chemical reaction

21
Q

Apply the Law of Conservation of Matter to chemical reactions

A

Whatever atoms are present at the start of a reaction must also be present at the end

22
Q

Define

Metabolism

A

All chemical reactions that happen in an organism

23
Q

Catabolic Reactions

A

Metabolism where molecules are broken down and energy is released

24
Q

Anabolism

A

Metabolism where molecules are built, requiring an input of energy

25
Q

State the Two Laws of Thermodynamics

A

1st law: Energy cannot be created nor destroyed; it can be transformed or transferred
2nd law: All transfers and transformations of energy contribute to an increase in entropy in the universe

26
Q

The 1st Law of Thermodyanimcs is also known as

A

Principle of Conservation of Energy

27
Q

What is entropy?

A

Chaos / randomness
“Unusable” energy

28
Q

What happens to potential energy throughout a chemical reaction?

A

Reactants are stable (at their relative low point for potential energy)
Energy is absorbed which destabilizes the reactants, increasing potential energy
New bonds form, which releases energy and lowers potential energy
Products are stable (at a new relative low point for potential energy)

29
Q

Exergonic

A

Chemical reaction where more energy is released than required;
Net release of energy from chemical bonds

30
Q

Endergonic

A

Chemical reaction where more energy is absorbed than released;
Net increase of energy in chemical bonds

31
Q

What type of reactions lead to more complex molecules?

A

Endergonic (since energy is required)
If the reaction happens in a body/cell, then it is considered anabolic, the metabolic reaction where molecules are BUILT

32
Q

What type of reactions lead to a break down of complex molecules?

A

Exergonic (since energy is released)
If the reaction happens in a body/cell, then it is considered catabolic, the metabolic reaction where molecules are BROKEN DOWN

33
Q

What is made as a byproduct of all chemical reactions?

Think: energy

A

Heat / Entropy

34
Q

What energy-related terms are associated with dehydration reactions?

A

anabolism
endergonic

NOTE: This card has been edited/corrected.

35
Q

What energy-related terms are associated with hydrolysis reactions?

A

catabolic
exergonic

36
Q

List the four types of
large organic molecules

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

37
Q

Monomer of Carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

38
Q

Monomer of Triglycerides

A

Glycerol & 3 fatty acids

39
Q

Monomer of Proteins

A

amino acids

40
Q

Monomer of Nucleic acids

A

Nucleotides

AP Biology - Mrs. Unger 24-25 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions