Unit 1: Biology Review Flashcards
Define
Biology
The study of life
List the
Levels of Biological Organization
From Atom to biosphere
Note: These are grouped into molecular, cellular, organismal, and ecological levels
* Atom → Molecule → Macromolecule
* Organelle → Cell
* Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism
* Organism → Population → Community → Ecosystem → Biosphere
Define
Biosphere
All areas on Earth where life exists
Define
Ecosystem
All living and non-living components of an area
What distinguishes an ecological community from an ecosystem
Communities are all LIVING things in an area
The ecosystem also includes the nonliving components
Define
Biotic
Living or materials made from living organisms
Define
Abiotic
Non-living and not made from living organisms
Define
Population
All members of a species living in an area
Define
Tissue
A group of cells that are structurally and functionally similar, which work together to perform a role within the body
Define
Organ
Two or more tissues that work together to perform a task for the body
Define
Organ system
A group of two or more organs that work together to perform all duties related to a bodily function
Examples of
Organs
include in plants and animals
In animals: heart, lung, skin
In plants: stems, leaves
Examples of
Organ systems
include in plants and animals
Animals: Digestive, Respiratory, Endocrine
Plants: Roots (all oragns below ground), shoots (all organs above ground)
What levels of organization are ONLY foundin multicellular organisms?
Tissues, organs, and organ systems
Define
Cell
The fundamental unit of structure and function
Define
Organelle
Funtional components of cells
Examples of
Organelles
Nucleus, mitochondria, etc
Compare and contrast
Organic and Inorganic Molecules
Organic molecules contain carbon and are generally more complex. They are made by living organisms.
Inorganic molecules usually do not contain carbon and are generally simpler in structure
Define
Reductionism
A way of studying biology by looking at the component parts rather than the whole system
Define
Emergent Properties
Properties that arise in complex systems based on the arrangement / interactions of the component parts
What are the
Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Compare and contrast
Prokaryotic and Eukarytic Cells
Prokaryotic - have no membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotic - contain membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus
What groups of living things are prokaryotic?
Bacteria
Archaea
What groups of living things are eukaryotic?
Plants
Animal
Fungi
Protists
