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AP Biology - Mrs. Unger 24-25 > Unit 1: Biology Review > Flashcards

Unit 1: Biology Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Define

Biology

A

The study of life

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2
Q

List the

Levels of Biological Organization

From Atom to biosphere

A

Note: These are grouped into molecular, cellular, organismal, and ecological levels
* Atom → Molecule → Macromolecule
* Organelle → Cell
* Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism
* Organism → Population → Community → Ecosystem → Biosphere

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3
Q

Define

Biosphere

A

All areas on Earth where life exists

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4
Q

Define

Ecosystem

A

All living and non-living components of an area

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5
Q

What distinguishes an ecological community from an ecosystem

A

Communities are all LIVING things in an area
The ecosystem also includes the nonliving components

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6
Q

Define

Biotic

A

Living or materials made from living organisms

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7
Q

Define

Abiotic

A

Non-living and not made from living organisms

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8
Q

Define

Population

A

All members of a species living in an area

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9
Q

Define

Tissue

A

A group of cells that are structurally and functionally similar, which work together to perform a role within the body

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10
Q

Define

Organ

A

Two or more tissues that work together to perform a task for the body

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11
Q

Define

Organ system

A

A group of two or more organs that work together to perform all duties related to a bodily function

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12
Q

Examples of

Organs

include in plants and animals

A

In animals: heart, lung, skin
In plants: stems, leaves

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13
Q

Examples of

Organ systems

include in plants and animals

A

Animals: Digestive, Respiratory, Endocrine
Plants: Roots (all oragns below ground), shoots (all organs above ground)

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14
Q

What levels of organization are ONLY foundin multicellular organisms?

A

Tissues, organs, and organ systems

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15
Q

Define

Cell

A

The fundamental unit of structure and function

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16
Q

Define

Organelle

A

Funtional components of cells

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17
Q

Examples of

Organelles

A

Nucleus, mitochondria, etc

18
Q

Compare and contrast

Organic and Inorganic Molecules

A

Organic molecules contain carbon and are generally more complex. They are made by living organisms.
Inorganic molecules usually do not contain carbon and are generally simpler in structure

19
Q

Define

Reductionism

A

A way of studying biology by looking at the component parts rather than the whole system

20
Q

Define

Emergent Properties

A

Properties that arise in complex systems based on the arrangement / interactions of the component parts

21
Q

What are the

Two Types of Cells

A

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

22
Q

Compare and contrast

Prokaryotic and Eukarytic Cells

A

Prokaryotic - have no membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotic - contain membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus

23
Q

What groups of living things are prokaryotic?

A

Bacteria
Archaea

24
Q

What groups of living things are eukaryotic?

A

Plants
Animal
Fungi
Protists

25
Q

Define

Gene Expression

A

Using information from genes to make proteins (or other cell products)

26
Q

What are the component parts of DNA?

A

Nucleotides

27
Q

Describe the

Human Genome

A

23 pairs of chromosomes
Each chromosome has hundreds / thousands of genes coiled up

28
Q

How does energy move through an ecosystem?

A

Usable energy is lost each time it is moved between forms
This means that all ecosystems need a constant input of energy

29
Q

How does matter move through an ecosystem?

A

It is recycled / reused

30
Q

Define

Evolution

A

Change in a species over time

31
Q

What is the main cause of evolution?

A

Natural selection

32
Q

Describe

Natural Selection

A

Theory proposed by Charles Darwin
“Survival of the Fittest”
An individual’s ability to make more offspring makes that individual’s genes become more prevalent in the gene pool

33
Q

List the

3 Domains of Life

A

Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya

34
Q

List the

4 Kingdoms of Eukarya

A

Plantae (plants)
Animalia (animals)
Fungi
Protista (protists)

35
Q

Characteristics of

Kingdom Plantae (plants)

A

Multicellular
Carry out photosynthesis

36
Q

Characteristics of

Kingdom Animalia (animals)

A

Multicellular
Must ingest other organisms for their food (matter and energy)

37
Q

Characteristics of

Kingdom Fungi

A

Multicellular
Must externally absorb other organisms for their food (matter and energy)

38
Q

Characteristis of

Kingdom Protist

A

Mostly unicellular
Not actually one kingdom, but grouped together because scientists are lazy and resistant to change

You don’t actually need to remember that last bit on tests / quizzes

39
Q

What was the name of

Charles Darwin’s Book

?

A

On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
often just called
The Origin of Species

40
Q

List

Darwin’s observations

A
  1. Individuals of a population vary
  2. Individuals make more babies than can be supported
  3. Species are well-suited to their environment
41
Q

What was

LUCA

A

The Last Universal Common Ancestor
A simple, ancient population that arose about 3.5 billion years ago to whom all living things can trace their ancestry

42
Q

Define

Genome

A

All genetic information of an organism

AP Biology - Mrs. Unger 24-25 (4 decks)

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