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Microbio > Unit 3: Chapter 24 > Flashcards

Unit 3: Chapter 24 Flashcards

1
Q

Mycology

A

Study of fungi

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1
Q

6 major groups evolutionary defined by

A

Phylogenetic analysis

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2
Q

Mycologists

A

Scientists who study fungi

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3
Q

Mycotoxicology

A

Study of fungi toxins and their effects

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3
Q

Mycoses

A

Diseases caused by fungi

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4
Q

Who are the main decomposers?

A

Fungi

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5
Q

Fungal distribution

A

Saphrophytes
Osmotrophy
Decompose complex organic material to simple organic compounds
Showcase nutrient recycling with release of molecules for living organisms to use
Pathogens for plants and animals
Symbionts with plants

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6
Q

Fungi environmental conditions

A

Acidic condition with pH 5
Grow in high sugar and salt concentration; resistant to osmotic pressure
Can grow in low moisture content
Can metabolize complex carbohydrates

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7
Q

Fungal Vegetative structure

A

Thallus
Hyphae
Mycellium
Yeast
Mold
Cell Wall

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8
Q

Thallus

A

Body or vegetative structure of fungus which has hyphae to form mycellium for absorption of nutrients

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9
Q

Mycellium

A

Network of hyphae to help obtain nutrients

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10
Q

Mold

A

Multicellular masses

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11
Q

Yeast

A

Single celled fungi generally larger than bacteria

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12
Q

Cell Wall of Fungi

A

Composed of glucans, mannans, glycoproteins, and chitin

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13
Q

Dimorphic Fungi

A

Exhibit two morphology fungi

Ex. exists in two forms yeastlike/ unicellular form and moldlike/ multicellular form

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14
Q

Canandida albicans

A

Showcases dimorphic fungi
produce yeast

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15
Q

Coenocytic hyphae

A

No cross walls

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16
Q

Septate hyphae

A

Have cross walls called septate
Pores enable cytoplasmic streaming

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17
Q

Fungi Reproduction

A

Performs sexual and asexual reproduction
Reproduction by formation of spores that detach from parent and germinate into and a new mold

18
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Parent cell undergoes mitosis and divide into daughter cell

19
Q

Asexual spores include

A

Sporangiospores, Conidiospores, Anthrospores, Blastospores

20
Q

Sporangiospores

A

Develop within a sporangium sac at hyphae tip

21
Q

Conidiospores

A

Spores not enclosed in sac but produced at tips or sides of hyphae

22
Q

Arthospores

A

Formed when hyphae fragment

23
Q

Blastospores

A

Produced from a vegetative mother cell budding

24
Q

Sexual Reproduction

A

Involves fusion of nuclei from 2 opposite mating strains

25
Q

Importance for Fungal spores

A

Enable fungi to survive environmental stresss
Aid in fungal dissenination
Reproduction
Useful for identification of fungal species

26
Q

3 Phases of sexual reproduction

A
  1. Haploid donor cell nucleus penetrates cytoplasm of recipient cell
  2. Fusion of nuclei and form diploid zygote
  3. Meiosis: diploid nucleus produced haploid nuclei (sexual spores)
27
Q

Zoosporic Fungi

A

Performs asexual reproduction (spornagiospores) and sexual reproduction (zygospores)
Produce motile spores
2 Groups:
1. Microsporidia
2. Chytridomycota (Chytrids)

28
Q

Microsporidia

A

Under Zoosporic Fungi
Obligate intracellular parasite
Polar tube for host invasion and piereces
Lack mitochondria and have mitosomes

29
Q

Chytridiomycota (Chytrids)

A

Saprophytic
Most are aquatic
Parasites and kill amphibians

30
Q

Zygomycetous

A

No motile flagella and rely on wind or cling to animals for spore dispersal
Sexual reproduction when environmental conditions are not favorable
Zygospores (sexual spores)
Hyphae lack septate (coencytic: no cell wall)

31
Q

2 Groups of Zygomentous

A
  1. Mucoromycota
  2. Glomeromycotina
32
Q

Mucoromycota

A

under Zygomycetous
Used in food industry and cause food spoilage
Used to produce anesthetics, birth control, alcohols, meat tenderizers, and yellow food coloring

33
Q

Genus Rhizopus

A

Under Mucoromycota and Zygomycetous
Grow on surface of moist carbohydrate rich foods (bread, fruit, vegetables)
Hyphae absorb nutrients
Asexual reproduction and if environemntal conditions unfavorable do sexual reproduction

34
Q

Plasmogamy

A

Fusion of cytoplasm of 2 genetically different cells (+ and -)

35
Q

Karyogamy

A

+ and - nuclei fuse and form diploid zygote

36
Q

Meiosis

A

Diploid nucleus produces haploid nuclei (sexual spores)

37
Q

Rhizopus Chineosis

A

Under zygomycetous, mucoromycota
Seedling blight rice disease

38
Q

Glomeromycotina

A

Under zygomycetous, mucoromycota
Symbionts of plants: FDungus deliver nutrients to plants and plants provide carbohydrates to fungus
Mycorrhizal fungi: grow in association with their roots of their plant hosts

39
Q

Dikarya

A

most diverse funagl growth
Have septate hyphae (have cross walls)
cell membrane has sterol ergosterol (drug target)
delay in fertilization with dikaryotic stage: n+n before going to 2 haploid nuclei

40
Q

2 Taxa of dikarya

A
  1. Asycomycota (sac fungi)
    2.. Basidomycota (club fungi)
41
Q

Ascomycota (sac fungi)

A

Dikarya
Has ascospores for reproductive spores
Ex. Aspergillus

42
Q

Aspergillus

A

Fungi that causes Aflatoxin and cancer

43
Q

Basidiomycota (club fungi)

A

Dikarya
Sexual spore: Basidiospore
Fragmentation
Has septate (cross walls)
Mushroom and plant pathogens which produce toxins

44
Q

Sacchromyces cerevisiae

A

brewer’s yeast

Microbio (18 decks)

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