Unit 3: Chapter 21 Flashcards
Phylum Proteobacteria: gram negative
The phylogenetic relationship among proteobacteria is based on ________
RNA studies
Proteobacteria
Gram negative
Chemoheterotrophic
Largest taxonomic group of bacteria
Alphaproteobacteria
grow with low level of nutrients and metabolically diverse
Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria
Alphaproteobacteria, Gram -
Anoxygenic photosynthesis
Shows exceptional metabolic flexibility
Polar flagella make most motile
Genus Caulobacter
Alphaproteobacteria, Gram -
Reproduce in unusual ways
Alternate between stalked cells and single polar flagella
Asymmetric binary fission to produce a flagellated swarmer cell that swims away
Order Rhizobiales
Alphaproteobacteria, gram -
Important N2 fixing bacteria
Symbiosis between plants
Plant pathogens
Rhizobium
Under order Rhizobiales and alphaprotebacteria (gram -)
Fix atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia in roots of leguminous plants
Make nitrogen available to plant host in exchange for carbon (SYMBIOSIS)
Agrobacterium
Under order Rhizobiales and alphaproteobacteria (gram -)
Plant pathogen
Invade crown, roots, and stems of many plants and transform plant cells into autonomously proliferating tumor cells
Gammaproteobacteria
Largest subgroup of proteobacteria and largest bacterial class
A. tumefaciens
Under Agrobacterium and order Rhizobiales
Can cause crown gall disease by means of tumor inducing (Pi) plasmid
Genus Burkholderia
Under gammaproteobacteria, gram -
Metabolic diversity: chemoorganotrophs, chemolithotrophs, photolithotrophs
Includes pathogen
Degrades and bioterrism agent
Burkholderia complex (Bcc)
under genus Burkholderia
degrades more than 100 organic molecules
biofilms formed in lungs of cystic fibrosis patients
B. Mallei
under genus Burkholderia
Bioterrism agent
Genus Neisseria
Under gammaproteobacteria, gram -
Gram negative cocci
Aerobic
Human pathogen: can cause gonorrhea and meningitis
Neisseria gonorrohoeae
Cause gonorrhea
Neisseria meningitidis and streptococcus pneumoniae
Cause meningitis
Genus Bordetella
Under gammaproteobacteria, gram -
Aerobic coccobacilli chemoorganotrophs
Respiratory metabolism
B. pertussis
Under Genus Bordetella
Causes whooping cough and kennel cough
Genus Legionella
Under gammaproteobacteria, gram -
Transmitted through aerosolized water droplets
Activate stringent response –> encourages differentiation
Facultative intracellular parasites of amoebae and macrophages
L. pneumophilia
Causative agent of atypical pneumonia
Genus Coxiella
Under gammaproteobacteria, gram -
Transmitted through aerosis
Facultative intracellular parasite
Replicated form and environmental form
Genus Pseudomonas
Under gammaproteobacteria, gram -
Opportunistic pathogens
Polar flagella
Obligate aerobe but flexible (can do aerobic and anaerboic respiration using nitrate or oxygen as final e- acceptor)
Degrade wide variety of organic molecules
Genus Acinetobacter
Under gammaproteobacteria, gram -
Obligate aerobe
Outer membrane has lipooligosaccharide (LOS) which lacks O antigen –> contributes to antibiotic resistance
Nosocomial infection (infections in hospital)
Multidrug resistant
Family Enterobacteriaceae
Under gammaproteobacteria, gram -
Peritrichously flagella (flagella cover entire bacteria)
Facultative anaerobe
Pathogens and mutualists
The 2 groups of family Enterobacteriaceae are based on what
Fermentation products
1. Mixed acid fermenters
2. Butanediol fermenters
Family vibrionaceae
Under gammaproteobacteria, gram -
Aquatic bioluminescent bacteria and pathogens
Vibrio chlolerae
Under family vibrionaceae
Pathogen that causes cholera
Genus Campylobacter
Epsilonproteobacteria, gram -
#1 cause of bacterial diarrheal illness and $1 intestinal disease
Genus Helicobacter
Epsilonproteobacteria, gram -
Causes stomach cancer
