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Microbio > Unit 3: Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Unit 3: Chapter 23 Flashcards

1
Q

Protist Characteristics

A
  • Eukaryotic
  • Morpholically diverse to adapt to environments
  • Typically larger than bacteria and archaea
  • Unicellular and multicellular
  • Live in freshwater environments
  • contribute to nutrient cycling
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1
Q

What are 2 groups of protists?

A
  1. Protists which include algae and protozoans
  2. Fungi
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2
Q

Antony Van Leeuwenhoek

A

Described first protozoan “animalcule” in 1674

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3
Q

Protozoa

A
  • animal like protist
  • all are microscopic unicellular eukaryotes
  • chemoheterotroph
  • found in soil and water
  • free living organisms
  • use cilia and flagella to catch prey
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4
Q

Algae

A
  • plant like protist
  • unicellular, filamentous, or multicellular
  • aquatic environments
  • photoautotrophs
  • major producers of oxygen and organic materials
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5
Q

What makes up 80% of Earth’s photosynthesis?

A

Phytoplankton (algae)

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6
Q

Saprophytes

A

organisms that secure nutrients from dead organic material by releasing degradative enzymes into the environment
usually grow on decomposing organic matter

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7
Q

Osmotrophy

A

a form of nutrition which absorb soluble products through cytoplasmic membrane

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8
Q

Holozoic nutrition

A

Solid nutrients acquired by phagocytosis and food vacuole formation

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9
Q

Mixotrophy

A

Simutaneously use reduced organic molecules and CO2 as carbon sources (use different types of metabolism)

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10
Q

Protist morphology

A
  • plasmalemma (ectoplasm, endoplasm, pellicile)
  • Vacuoles (contractile, secretory, phagocytic)
  • cilia/ flagella
  • mitochondria and chloroplasts
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11
Q

Plasmalemma

A

Cell membrane of protists

  1. ectoplasm
  2. endoplasm
  3. pellicle
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12
Q

Ectoplasm

A

impacts rigidity to cell body

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13
Q

Pellicle

A

Consists of the plasmalemma and a relatively rigid layer just
beneath it
Protective and supportive layer or cuticle

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14
Q

Energy production by aerboic protists through

A

Mitochondria

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15
Q

Energy production by photosynthetic protists through

A

Chloroplasts

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16
Q

Trophozoites

A

Actively growing and replicating protists

17
Q

Encystement

A

Formation of dormant cyst

  1. protect against environmental changes
  2. site for nuclear reoorganization and cell division
  3. in parasitic species they are infectious stages between host
18
Q

Excystement

A

A return to favorable conditions may stimulate a cyst to form
In parasite protists, excystement occurs following ingestion by a host

19
Q

Protist reproduction through

A

Asexual and sexual reproduction

20
Q

Asexual reproduction by protists

A
  • binary fission
  • multiple fission and budding
21
Q

Sexual reproduction by protists

A
  • includes formation of gametes
  • conjugation: form of sexual reproduction by 2 protozoa where two organisms exchange nuclear material
22
Q

Why does classifying protists and eukaryotes present challenges?

A
  1. size and complexity of genes with large genome with noncoding sequences
  2. lose structures through evolution
  3. name and groupings are changed as new evidence emerges
23
Q

Dinoflagellates

A
  • Algae, plant like protists
  • 2 flagella, one flagella wrapped around cell
  • cause phosphoresence in ocean
  • cause neurotoxins
  • bloom of red dinoflagellates cause famous red tide
24
Q

Diatoms

A
  • Algae, plant like protists
  • frustule: 2 piece cell wall of silica
  • contain chlorophyll and pigments
  • important in global carbon cycling (AKA ocean forest)
  • produce oil drops that are stored
  • interested in using diatoms for biodiesel
25
Q

What produces about 50% of organic ocean carbon?

A

marine planktonic diatoms

26
Q

Chloroplastida

A
  • Algae, plant like protists
  • photoautotroph
  • cellulose cell walls
27
Q

Red Algae

A
  • Algae, plant like protists
  • grow deeper in ocean than other algae
  • source of agar and largest group of seaweeds
28
Q

Euglenozoa

A

Primitive eukaryotes
Have features of both algae and protists
debatable on if algae or protists

29
Q

Trypanosomes

A
  • protozoa, animal like protists
  • pathogenic euglenozoa
  • parasitic infection via vector
  • parasites of animals and plants
  • cause chagas disease and african sleeping sickness
30
Q

Giardia intestinalis

A

-animal like protist, protozoa
- public health concern with diarrhea from contaminated water
- flagellated and lack mitochondria
- have mitosomes: mitchondria like
- obtain energy without mitochondria through fermentation

31
Q

Super group amoebozoa

A
  • protozoa, animal like protists
  • include pseudopodia which is used for locomotion and feeding
32
Q

Lobopodia

A

form of pseudopodia in super group amoebozoa
rounded

33
Q

Filopodia

A

form of pseudopodia in super group amoebozoa
long and narrow

34
Q

Reticulopodia

A

form of pseudopodia found in super group amoebozoa
netlike mesh

35
Q

Entamoebida

A

Under super group amoebozoa, animal like protist protozoa
lack mitochondria and contain mitosomes
cause amoebic dysentery
3rd leading cause of parasitic death worldwide

36
Q

Naegleria fowleri

A

Brain eating amoeba

37
Q

Eumycetozoa

A

-Under super group: amoebozoa
- Fungi like
- Forms spores
- have acellular and cellular slime molds

38
Q

Cellular slime molds

A

Resemble amoeba and ingest phagocytosis
Cells agregate to form stalks and differentiate into spores

39
Q

Acellular (plasmodial) slime molds

A

consist of multinucleated mass of protoplasm that engulfs organic debris and bacteria as it moves; move as gigantic amoeba

40
Q

Phycology

A

study of algae

41
Q

Protistology

A

study of all protists

Microbio (18 decks)

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