Unit 3: Chapter 20

Question 1

Bacterial Hyperthermophiles

Answer 1

• Gram Negative, nonproteo
• Grow above 80 degrees Celsius
• Able to grow in high temperatures

Question 2

Aquifex Pyrophilus

Answer 2

• Gram Negative, nonproteo
• Bacterial hyperthermophile
• chemolithoautotrophs

Question 3

Thermotoga

Answer 3

• Gram Negative, nonproteo
  Bacterial hyperthermophile
• chemoorganotrophs
• rods with outer sheath
• outer membrane lacks LPS
• fermentation converts carbohydrates to CO2 and H2

Question 4

Deinococci

Answer 4

• Gram Negative, nonproteo
• Stain gram + (outer membrane has LPS)
• EXTRAORDINARLY resistant to desiccation and radiation (even more resistant than endospores)
• protect from radical oxygen species

Question 5

Thermus aquaticus

Answer 5

• Gram Negative, nonproteo
• phylum deinococci
• thermophile organism found in Yellow National State Park

Question 6

Phylum Cyanobacteria

Answer 6

• Gram Negative, nonproteo
• Oxygenic photosynthetic
• Largest and most diverse group of photosynthetic bacteria
• thought to evolved into chloroplasts via endosymbiosis
• major nitrogen fixer
• may contain heterocysts

Question 7

Heterocysts

Answer 7

• Found in cyanobacteria
• specialized cells used for nitrogen fixation
• Thick heterocyst cell wall prevents O2 diffusion which would inactivate nitrogenase

Question 8

Genus Chlamydia

Answer 8

• Gram Negative, nonproteo
• Obligate intracellular parasites
• small in size

Question 9

What catalases nitrogen fixation?

Answer 9

Nitrogenase

Question 10

Chlamydia Trachomatis

Answer 10

• Gram Negative, nonproteo
• leading bacterial agent of sexualy transmitted disease
• ocular disease –> leading cause of visual impairment
• undergo unique developmental cycle
• infected mothers will pass on infection

Question 11

Chlamydia Life Cycle

Answer 11

Elementary body attaches to host cell and reticulate body reproduction by binary fission

Question 12

Evidence that Chamydia is Bacteria and not virus

Answer 12

1. Prokaryotic ribosomes
2. Can’t use antibiotics to treat
3. Can make own lipids and nucleic acids

Question 13

Green Sulfur Bacteria

Answer 13

• Gram Negative, nonproteo
• Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria
• Photolithoautotrophs

Question 14

Green Nonsulfur Bacteria

Answer 14

• Gram Negative, nonproteo
• Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria
• Photoheterotrophic
• Can still use sulfide as source of electrons

Question 15

Phylum Spirochaetota

Answer 15

• Gram Negative, nonproteo
• corkscrewlike movement via axtial filament
• chemoorganotroph

Question 16

Treponema pallidum

Answer 16

• Gram Negative, nonproteo
• Under phylum spirochaetota
• Causes syphilis

Question 17

Borrelia

Answer 17

• Gram Negative, nonproteo
• Under phylum spirochaetota
• Causes Lyme disease

Question 18

Leptospira

Answer 18

• Gram Negative, nonproteo
• Under phylum spirochaetota
• Spread through urine of infected animals
• Cause leptospirosis

Question 19

Genus Bacteroides

Answer 19

• Gram Negative, nonproteo
• Anaerobic
• Human symbionts: benefit host by degrading molecules
• Can become opportunistic pathogens
• Make up 30% of bacteria found in human feces

Question 20

Bacteroides fragilis

Answer 20

• Gram Negative, nonproteo
  Make up 50% of clinical, intestinally dervied Bacteroidales isolates

Question 21

Bacteroides spp

Answer 21

• Gram Negative, nonproteo
  Have antibiotic genes

Question 22

Genus Fusobacterium

Answer 22

• Gram Negative, nonproteo
• Obligate or faculative anaerobes
• Can cause opportunistic infections
• Support oral biofilm formation

Question 23

Genus Bdellovibrio

Answer 23

• Gram Negative, nonproteo
• Aerobic
• Prey on other diderm gram negative bacteria
• Alternate betwen nonreplicating predatory phase and intracellular reproductive phase