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PNS > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

True or false: the Trigeminal nerve is a mixed nerve that carries more motor fibers than sensory fibers.

A

False, The trigeminal nerve is a mixed nerve but it carries more sensory fibers than motor

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2
Q

What are the three nuclei of termination that are associated with the trigeminal nerve?

A

1) Main sensory nucleus
2) Spinal nucleus (spinotrigeminal nucleus)
3) Trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus

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3
Q

What is the nucleus of origin for the trigeminal nerve?

A

Trigeminal Motor Nucleus

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4
Q

WHich peripheral ganglion is associated with CN V?

A

Trigeminal Ganglion

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5
Q

What is another name for the trigeminal ganglion?

A

Semilunar Ganglion

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6
Q

What are the three peripheral branches that gives the trigeminal nerve its name?

A

Ophthalamic, maxillary, and mandibular

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7
Q

Where do the sensory pathways of the trigeminal nerve lead to?

A
  1. the main and spinal nuclei

2. the mesencephalic nuclei

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8
Q

In the sensory pathways of the trigeminal nerve, where are the cell bodies located that go to the main and spinal nuclei?

A

the trigeminal ganglion

peripheral processes form from the face to the ganglion
central processes from ganglion enter the CNS

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9
Q

What is the function of the main trigeminal nucleus?

A

touch, vibration and joint proprioception

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10
Q

What is another pathway that can do the same as the main trigeminal nucleus?

A

dorsal columns gracilis cuneatis

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11
Q

What is the function of the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve?

A

sense pain and temperature

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12
Q

What is another cord pathway that does the same as the spinal nucleus?

A

Lateral spinothalamic

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13
Q

What are the only sensory neurons that have cell bodies in the CNS?

A

The sensory pathway of the trigeminal nerve to the mesencephalic nucleus.

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14
Q

How do dendrites get to the mesencephalic nucleus?

A

They pass through trigeminal ganglion, enter the CNS and ascend to mesencephalic

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15
Q

Which is the only branch of the trigeminal nerve that carries motor fibers?

A

the mandibular branch

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16
Q

What muscles does the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve supply?

A

muscles of mastication

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17
Q

Where does the motor nucleus receive information from?

A

cerebral cortex, reticular formation, red nucleus, medial longitudinal fasciculus, mesencephalic nucleus

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18
Q

Where is the apparent origin of the trigeminal nerve?

A

lateral aspect of the pons

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19
Q

Where is the trigeminal ganglion found?

A

Meckel’s cave

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20
Q

Where does the trigeminal nerve travel before entering the trigeminal ganglion

A

anterior-wards over the petrous part of the temporal bone and into a pouch of dura called Meckel’s cave

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21
Q

Where does the trigeminal nerve split into the three branches?

A

the trigeminal ganglion as the nerve moves into the periphery

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22
Q

Where does the Ophthalamic division of the trigeminal nerve enter the orbit?

A

superior orbital fissure

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23
Q

What kind of information does the ophthalmic division carry?

A

Sensory

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24
Q

Where does the ophthalmic division carry sensation from?

A

skin over the nose, forehead and scalp and mucous membranes in the frontal sphenoid sinuses and membrane covering nasal septum

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25
Q

What four nerves come from the ophthalmic division?

A
  1. meningeal nerve
  2. lacrimal nerve
  3. frontal nerve
  4. nasociliary nerve
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26
Q

Which is the first branch off the ophthalmic division?

A

The meningeal nerve is given off before it leaves the superior orbital fissure

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27
Q

What’s another name for the meningeal branch?

A

tentorial branch

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28
Q

What does the meningeal nerve supply?

A

the dura mater lining of the middle cranial fossa

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29
Q

Which is the smallest of the branches of the ophthalmic division?

A

The lacrimal nerve

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30
Q

What muscle does the lacrimal nerve travel with?

A

the lateral rectus

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31
Q

Where does the lacrimal nerve carry parasympathetic fibers?

A

the lacrimal gland

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32
Q

Where do the parasympathetic fibers of the lacrimal nerve that go to the lacrimal gland originate?

A

pterygopalatine ganglion

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33
Q

How do the fibers form the pterygopalatine ganglion reach the lacrimal nerve?

A

via the zygomatic and zygomaticotemporal nerves

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34
Q

Which is the largest branch of the ophthalmic division?

A

Frontal nerve

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35
Q

What are the two branches of the frontal nerve?

A

supratrochlear nerve

supraorbital nerve

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36
Q

Which branch of the frontal nerve carries sensation from the medial corner of the eye?

A

Supratrochlear Nerve

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37
Q

Which branch of the frontal nerve carries sensation from conjunctiva, upper eyelid and forehead, and the mucous membrane lining of the frontal sinus ?

A

Supraorbital nerve

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38
Q

What branch of the ophthalmic gives rise to three branches before dividing into two terminal branches?

A

Nasociliary Nerve

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39
Q

What are the three branches of the nasociliary nerve?

A
  1. communication branch of the ciliary ganglion
  2. long ciliary nerve
  3. posterior ethmoid nerve
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40
Q

What are the two terminal branches of the nasociliary nerve?

A

anterior ethmoid nerve

infratrochlear nerve

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41
Q

What does the communication branch of he ciliary ganglion do?

A

carries sympathetic and somatic sensory fibers to join the oculomotor nerve

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42
Q

What does the long ciliary nerve do?

A

supplies eyeball

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43
Q

What information does the posterior ethmoid nerve carry?

A

sensory information from the sphenoidal and ethmoidal sinuses

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44
Q

Which branch of the nasociliary nerve supplies the skin over the nose and the mucous membrane covering the anterior part of the nasal septum?

A

Anterior ethmoid nerve

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45
Q

Which branch of the nasociliary nerve supplies the medial corner of the eye including the lacrimal sac?

A

infratrochlear nerve

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46
Q

What kind of information does the maxillary division carry?

A

Sensory function

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47
Q

where does the maxillary division carry sensation information from?

A

skin between the eyes, mouth, over cheeks, temples, mucosa maxillary sinus, nasal conchae, palate, and gingiva

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48
Q

What are the four branches of the maxillary division?

A
  1. middle meningeal nerve
  2. zygomatic nerve
  3. ganglionic branch
  4. infraorbital nerve
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49
Q

Which branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve is given off before it exits the round foramen?

A

the middle meningeal nerve

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50
Q

What supplies the meninges of the middle cranial fossa?

A

Middle meningeal nerve

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51
Q

Which nerve of the maxillary division is associated with the lacrimal gland and how?

A

Zygomatic nerve; it gives off a communicating branch carrying post ganglionic parasympathetic fibers form pterygopalatine ganglion

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52
Q

What other nerve is associates with the zygomatic nerve?

A

Cranial nerve VII

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53
Q

What branch of the zygomatic nerve supplies the skin over the temple?

A

zygomaticotemporal nerve

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54
Q

Which branch of the zygomatic nerve supplies the skin over the cheek?

A

zygomaticofacial nerve

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55
Q

What branch of the maxillary division carries sensory information from the upper pharynx, nasal cavity, and palate?

A

Ganglionic branches

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56
Q

What does the infraorbital nerve carry sensory information from?

A

the teeth, lower eyelid, and maxillae sinus

57
Q

After traveling through the infraorbital fissure and infraorbital canal, what nerves come off of the infraorbital nerve of the maxillary branch?

A

posterior, middle, and anterior superior alveolar nerves

58
Q

What plexus is found just above the alveoli?

A

superior dental plexus

59
Q

How does the mandibular division exit the cranial vault?

A

foramen ovale

60
Q

What kind of information does the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve carry?

A

sensory and motor

61
Q

Where do the large sensory roots and small motor roots of the mandibular division combine?

A

infratemporal fossa

62
Q

Where does the mandibular division carry sensation from?

A

skin over the mandible, posterior cheek and temple, and the mucose of the lower oral cavity and cheeks

63
Q

What muscles does the mandibular division supply?

A

the 8 muscles of mastication

64
Q

What are the 8 muscles of mastication?

A

masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, tensor veil palatine, tensor tympani, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric

65
Q

which two branches are given off the infra temporal fossa of the mandibular division?

A

recurrent meningeal branch

medial pterygoid nerve

66
Q

What’s another name for the recurrent meningeal branch?

A

Nervus spinosum

67
Q

Where does the recurrent menningeal nerve re-enter the cranium?

A

foramen spinosum

68
Q

Where does the recurrent meningeal branch take sensory information from?

A

dura of the middle and anterior cranial fossae and calvarium

69
Q

The medial pterygoid nerve supplies which muscle?

A

medial pterygoid muscle

70
Q

Which nerve gives rise to fibers that pass through the otic ganglion and supply tensor veil palatine and tensor tympani?

A

medial pterygoid nerve

71
Q

The anterior division of the mandibular nerve gives rise to which nerves?

A

masseter, deep temporal, lateral pterygoid, and buccal nerves

72
Q

Which nerve supplies the lateral pterygoid?

A

the lateral pterygoid nerve, anterior division, mandibular division, trigeminal

73
Q

Which nerve supplies the masseter and carries sensory information from the TMJ?

A

Masseter Nerve, Anterior division, mandibular division, trigeminal

74
Q

Which branch of the anterior division of the mandibular division carries information from the cheek and buccal gingival of the molars?

A

Buccal Nerve

75
Q

Which branch of the anterior division of the mandibular division carries information from the temporal is muscle?

A

Deep Temporal Nerve

76
Q

What nerve of the Posterior division carries sensory information from the skin of the temple an ear?

A

Auriculotemporal Nerve

77
Q

Which nerve of the posterior division carries sensory information from the mucosa of the oral cavity?

A

Lingual nerve

78
Q

Which nerve of the posterior division carries sensory information from the lower teeth and chin?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve

79
Q

How does the auriculotemporal nerve get to it target?

A

it passes through the parotid gland into the infra temporal fossa

80
Q

What nerve carries some post ganglionic parasympathetic fibers from otic ganglion?

A

Auriculotemporal Nerve

81
Q

Which nerve of the posterior division combines with the facial nerve and chord tympani in the infra temporal fossa?

A

lingual nerve

82
Q

What are the two branches of the inferior alveolar nerve?

A

Incisive branch and mental nerve

83
Q

What does the incisive branch supply?

A

incisors, canines, 1st premolars, and adjacent gingivae

84
Q

What does the mental nerve supply?

A

the labial gingival adjacent to the incisors and skin of lower lip and chin

85
Q

What are the three nerves of the Posterior division of the mandibular division?

A

auriculotemporal nerve, lingual nerve, inferior alveolar nerve

86
Q

After the motor in the inferior alveolar nerve diverge from the nerve, what structure do they pass through?

A

mandibular foramen

87
Q

The motor fibers of the inferior alveolar nerve supply which muscles?

A

mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric muscle

88
Q

Which two autonomic ganglia communicate with the mandibular division?

A

submandibular and otic ganglia

89
Q

Where does the submandibular ganglion receive some preganglionic fibers from?

A

from the facial nerve by way of the lingual nerve after it combines with the chord tympani

90
Q

Where does the Otic ganglion send post ganglionic parasympathetic fibers?

A

to the parotid gland via auriculotemporal nerve

91
Q

Sympathetic motor fibers to which two muscles may pass through the lingual nerve to convey taste information to the chord tympani?

A

tensor veli and tensor tempani

92
Q

What is trigeminal neuralgia?

A

facial pain; the worst pain imaginal over one of the three divisions of the trigeminal; may involve dental considerations

93
Q

Whats another name for trigeminal neuralgia?

A

tic do la roux

94
Q

What kind of information does the facial nerve carry?

A

both sensory and motor

95
Q

What is another name for CN VII?

A

“Nerve of facial expression”

96
Q

What is the primary nucleus of origin in the facial nerve?

A

motor nucleus of the facial nerve

97
Q

What other nucleus contribute to the pre ganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve?

A

superior salivary nucleus

98
Q

Where do the sensory fibers carried in the facial nerve terminate?

A

upper part of the solitary nucleus

99
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the facial nerve found?

A

Geniculate Ganglion

100
Q

General sensation from which organ is carried to the geniculate ganglion via CN VII?

A

external ear and lateral tympanic membrane

101
Q

After axons are carried to the geniculate ganglion in the sensory pathway where is the information carried?

A

the solitary nucleus

102
Q

What other special sense is caries through the neurons with cell bodies found in the geniculate and terminate in the solitary nucleus?

A

Taste

103
Q

How does taste end up in the geniculate ganglion?

A

taste is carried from the anterior part of the tongue are found in chord tympani

104
Q

Axons from the lower motor neurons in the motor nucleus of the facial nerve exit CNS, travel through the geniculate ganglion to innervate what?

A

the muscles of facial expression

105
Q

Where does the facial nerve receive information from?

A

both cerebral hemispheres

106
Q

Where does the nucleus supplying the muscles in the inferior part of the face receive its information?

A

the contralateral cortex

107
Q

True or false: the motor nucleus also receives information from the reticular formation.

A

True

108
Q

Where do the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the superior salivatory nucleus synapse?

A

pterygopalatine ganglion and submandibular ganglion

109
Q

What do the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve supply ?

A

lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual glands and small glands in the oral and nasal cavities

110
Q

Where is the apparent origin of the facial nerve?

A

literally in the sulcus between pons and MO

111
Q

Which two roots are present at the apparent origin of the facial nerve?

A

motor root

intermediate nerve

112
Q

What does the intermediate nerve carry?

A

sensory and parasympathetic fibers

113
Q

What’s another name for the motor root?

A

facial nerve proper

114
Q

Whats another name for the greater petrosal nerve?

A

superficial petrosal nerve

115
Q

What does the greater petrosal nerve, along with preganglionic parasympathetic five, stimulate?

A

secretions form the lacrimal, nasal and palatal glands

116
Q

Whats the second nerve given off by the facial nerve?

A

nerve to the stapedius

117
Q

True or false: the nerve to the stapedius contains half of the motor fibers that leave the facial nerve via the facial canal.

A

False; the nerve to the stapedius contains the ONLY motor fibers that peace the facial nerve via the facial canal.

118
Q

What muscle does the nerve to the stapedius supply?

A

stapedius muscle of the middle ear

119
Q

What is the third branch of the facial nerve?

A

Chorda Tympani

120
Q

What kind of information does the Chorda tympani nerve carry?

A

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers and taste fibers

121
Q

Where does chord tympani leave the temporal bone?

A

pterygotympanic fissure

122
Q

What nerve does the chorda tympani combine with?

A

lingual nerve, mandibular division, trigeminal nerve

123
Q

True or false: ALL autonomic fibers carried by CN VII are given off inside the facial canal.

A

True; only motor and somatosensory fibers remain (greater petrosal, chorda tympani)

124
Q

Where do the remaining fibers of the facial nerve (not autonomic) exit the temporal bone?

A

stylomastoid foramen

125
Q

What are the three branches off the facial nerve between the stylomastoid foramen and the parotid gland?

A
  1. Digastric branch
  2. Stylohyoid branch
  3. posterior auricular nerve
126
Q

What does the digastric branch of the facial nerve supply?

A

posterior belly of the digstric muscle

127
Q

What does the stylohyoid branch of the facial nerve supply?

A

stylohyoid muscle

128
Q

What does the posterior auricular nerve off the facial nerve divide into?

A

occipital and auricular branches

129
Q

After the facial nerve enters the parotid gland, what does it form?

A

parotid plexus

130
Q

What two trunks are supplied by CN VII in the parotid plexus?

A

temporofacial and cervicofacial

131
Q

What five branches are given off the temporo and cervicofacial trunks that supply the muscles of facial expression?

A 
Temporal branches
zygomatic branches
buccal branches
Marginal mandibular branch
Cervical branch 
(ten zebras bit my mother's chickens)
132
Q

Which branch supplies the orbicularis oculi?

A

Zygomatic branch

133
Q

Which branch travels inferiorly to the platysma?

A

Cervical Branch

134
Q

Which branch supplies intrinsic auricular muscles and superior and anterior auricular muscles?

A

the temporal branch

135
Q

Which branch supplies the buccinator, orbicular is iris, and legator anguli oris?

A

The buccal branches

136
Q

What does the temporal branch of the facial nerve combine with to supply the orbicular is oculi, corrugator supercilli and frontal belly of occipitofrontalis?

A 
zygmaticotemporal nerve (V2)
auriculotemporal branch (V3)
137
Q

If a patient presents paralysis to one side of the face, what does it mean?

A

Bell’s palsy; Whichever side of the facial nerve is damaged affects the same side of the face (muscles cannot contract) (stroke symptom)

138
Q

When would a patient need a superficial parotidectomy?

A

if the parotid gland superficial to the facial nerve develops a malignant tumor.

PNS (11 decks)

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