Unit 3 Flashcards
1
Q
True or false: the Trigeminal nerve is a mixed nerve that carries more motor fibers than sensory fibers.
A
False, The trigeminal nerve is a mixed nerve but it carries more sensory fibers than motor
2
Q
What are the three nuclei of termination that are associated with the trigeminal nerve?
A
1) Main sensory nucleus
2) Spinal nucleus (spinotrigeminal nucleus)
3) Trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus
3
Q
What is the nucleus of origin for the trigeminal nerve?
A
Trigeminal Motor Nucleus
4
Q
WHich peripheral ganglion is associated with CN V?
A
Trigeminal Ganglion
5
Q
What is another name for the trigeminal ganglion?
A
Semilunar Ganglion
6
Q
What are the three peripheral branches that gives the trigeminal nerve its name?
A
Ophthalamic, maxillary, and mandibular
7
Q
Where do the sensory pathways of the trigeminal nerve lead to?
A
- the main and spinal nuclei
2. the mesencephalic nuclei
8
Q
In the sensory pathways of the trigeminal nerve, where are the cell bodies located that go to the main and spinal nuclei?
A
the trigeminal ganglion
peripheral processes form from the face to the ganglion
central processes from ganglion enter the CNS
9
Q
What is the function of the main trigeminal nucleus?
A
touch, vibration and joint proprioception
10
Q
What is another pathway that can do the same as the main trigeminal nucleus?
A
dorsal columns gracilis cuneatis
11
Q
What is the function of the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve?
A
sense pain and temperature
12
Q
What is another cord pathway that does the same as the spinal nucleus?
A
Lateral spinothalamic
13
Q
What are the only sensory neurons that have cell bodies in the CNS?
A
The sensory pathway of the trigeminal nerve to the mesencephalic nucleus.
14
Q
How do dendrites get to the mesencephalic nucleus?
A
They pass through trigeminal ganglion, enter the CNS and ascend to mesencephalic
15
Q
Which is the only branch of the trigeminal nerve that carries motor fibers?
A
the mandibular branch
16
Q
What muscles does the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve supply?
A
muscles of mastication
17
Q
Where does the motor nucleus receive information from?
A
cerebral cortex, reticular formation, red nucleus, medial longitudinal fasciculus, mesencephalic nucleus
18
Q
Where is the apparent origin of the trigeminal nerve?
A
lateral aspect of the pons
19
Q
Where is the trigeminal ganglion found?
A
Meckel’s cave
20
Q
Where does the trigeminal nerve travel before entering the trigeminal ganglion
A
anterior-wards over the petrous part of the temporal bone and into a pouch of dura called Meckel’s cave
21
Q
Where does the trigeminal nerve split into the three branches?
A
the trigeminal ganglion as the nerve moves into the periphery
22
Q
Where does the Ophthalamic division of the trigeminal nerve enter the orbit?
A
superior orbital fissure
23
Q
What kind of information does the ophthalmic division carry?
A
Sensory
24
Q
Where does the ophthalmic division carry sensation from?
A
skin over the nose, forehead and scalp and mucous membranes in the frontal sphenoid sinuses and membrane covering nasal septum
25
What four nerves come from the ophthalmic division?
1. meningeal nerve
2. lacrimal nerve
3. frontal nerve
4. nasociliary nerve
26
Which is the first branch off the ophthalmic division?
The meningeal nerve is given off before it leaves the superior orbital fissure
27
What's another name for the meningeal branch?
tentorial branch
28
What does the meningeal nerve supply?
the dura mater lining of the middle cranial fossa
29
Which is the smallest of the branches of the ophthalmic division?
The lacrimal nerve
30
What muscle does the lacrimal nerve travel with?
the lateral rectus
31
Where does the lacrimal nerve carry parasympathetic fibers?
the lacrimal gland
32
Where do the parasympathetic fibers of the lacrimal nerve that go to the lacrimal gland originate?
pterygopalatine ganglion
33
How do the fibers form the pterygopalatine ganglion reach the lacrimal nerve?
via the zygomatic and zygomaticotemporal nerves
34
Which is the largest branch of the ophthalmic division?
Frontal nerve
35
What are the two branches of the frontal nerve?
supratrochlear nerve
| supraorbital nerve
36
Which branch of the frontal nerve carries sensation from the medial corner of the eye?
Supratrochlear Nerve
37
Which branch of the frontal nerve carries sensation from conjunctiva, upper eyelid and forehead, and the mucous membrane lining of the frontal sinus ?
Supraorbital nerve
38
What branch of the ophthalmic gives rise to three branches before dividing into two terminal branches?
Nasociliary Nerve
39
What are the three branches of the nasociliary nerve?
1. communication branch of the ciliary ganglion
2. long ciliary nerve
3. posterior ethmoid nerve
40
What are the two terminal branches of the nasociliary nerve?
anterior ethmoid nerve
| infratrochlear nerve
41
What does the communication branch of he ciliary ganglion do?
carries sympathetic and somatic sensory fibers to join the oculomotor nerve
42
What does the long ciliary nerve do?
supplies eyeball
43
What information does the posterior ethmoid nerve carry?
sensory information from the sphenoidal and ethmoidal sinuses
44
Which branch of the nasociliary nerve supplies the skin over the nose and the mucous membrane covering the anterior part of the nasal septum?
Anterior ethmoid nerve
45
Which branch of the nasociliary nerve supplies the medial corner of the eye including the lacrimal sac?
infratrochlear nerve
46
What kind of information does the maxillary division carry?
Sensory function
47
where does the maxillary division carry sensation information from?
skin between the eyes, mouth, over cheeks, temples, mucosa maxillary sinus, nasal conchae, palate, and gingiva
48
What are the four branches of the maxillary division?
1. middle meningeal nerve
2. zygomatic nerve
3. ganglionic branch
4. infraorbital nerve
49
Which branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve is given off before it exits the round foramen?
the middle meningeal nerve
50
What supplies the meninges of the middle cranial fossa?
Middle meningeal nerve
51
Which nerve of the maxillary division is associated with the lacrimal gland and how?
Zygomatic nerve; it gives off a communicating branch carrying post ganglionic parasympathetic fibers form pterygopalatine ganglion
52
What other nerve is associates with the zygomatic nerve?
Cranial nerve VII
53
What branch of the zygomatic nerve supplies the skin over the temple?
zygomaticotemporal nerve
54
Which branch of the zygomatic nerve supplies the skin over the cheek?
zygomaticofacial nerve
55
What branch of the maxillary division carries sensory information from the upper pharynx, nasal cavity, and palate?
Ganglionic branches
56
What does the infraorbital nerve carry sensory information from?
the teeth, lower eyelid, and maxillae sinus
57
After traveling through the infraorbital fissure and infraorbital canal, what nerves come off of the infraorbital nerve of the maxillary branch?
posterior, middle, and anterior superior alveolar nerves
58
What plexus is found just above the alveoli?
superior dental plexus
59
How does the mandibular division exit the cranial vault?
foramen ovale
60
What kind of information does the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve carry?
sensory and motor
61
Where do the large sensory roots and small motor roots of the mandibular division combine?
infratemporal fossa
62
Where does the mandibular division carry sensation from?
skin over the mandible, posterior cheek and temple, and the mucose of the lower oral cavity and cheeks
63
What muscles does the mandibular division supply?
the 8 muscles of mastication
64
What are the 8 muscles of mastication?
masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, tensor veil palatine, tensor tympani, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric
65
which two branches are given off the infra temporal fossa of the mandibular division?
recurrent meningeal branch
| medial pterygoid nerve
66
What's another name for the recurrent meningeal branch?
Nervus spinosum
67
Where does the recurrent menningeal nerve re-enter the cranium?
foramen spinosum
68
Where does the recurrent meningeal branch take sensory information from?
dura of the middle and anterior cranial fossae and calvarium
69
The medial pterygoid nerve supplies which muscle?
medial pterygoid muscle
70
Which nerve gives rise to fibers that pass through the otic ganglion and supply tensor veil palatine and tensor tympani?
medial pterygoid nerve
71
The anterior division of the mandibular nerve gives rise to which nerves?
masseter, deep temporal, lateral pterygoid, and buccal nerves
72
Which nerve supplies the lateral pterygoid?
the lateral pterygoid nerve, anterior division, mandibular division, trigeminal
73
Which nerve supplies the masseter and carries sensory information from the TMJ?
Masseter Nerve, Anterior division, mandibular division, trigeminal
74
Which branch of the anterior division of the mandibular division carries information from the cheek and buccal gingival of the molars?
Buccal Nerve
75
Which branch of the anterior division of the mandibular division carries information from the temporal is muscle?
Deep Temporal Nerve
76
What nerve of the Posterior division carries sensory information from the skin of the temple an ear?
Auriculotemporal Nerve
77
Which nerve of the posterior division carries sensory information from the mucosa of the oral cavity?
Lingual nerve
78
Which nerve of the posterior division carries sensory information from the lower teeth and chin?
Inferior alveolar nerve
79
How does the auriculotemporal nerve get to it target?
it passes through the parotid gland into the infra temporal fossa
80
What nerve carries some post ganglionic parasympathetic fibers from otic ganglion?
Auriculotemporal Nerve
81
Which nerve of the posterior division combines with the facial nerve and chord tympani in the infra temporal fossa?
lingual nerve
82
What are the two branches of the inferior alveolar nerve?
Incisive branch and mental nerve
83
What does the incisive branch supply?
incisors, canines, 1st premolars, and adjacent gingivae
84
What does the mental nerve supply?
the labial gingival adjacent to the incisors and skin of lower lip and chin
85
What are the three nerves of the Posterior division of the mandibular division?
auriculotemporal nerve, lingual nerve, inferior alveolar nerve
86
After the motor in the inferior alveolar nerve diverge from the nerve, what structure do they pass through?
mandibular foramen
87
The motor fibers of the inferior alveolar nerve supply which muscles?
mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric muscle
88
Which two autonomic ganglia communicate with the mandibular division?
submandibular and otic ganglia
89
Where does the submandibular ganglion receive some preganglionic fibers from?
from the facial nerve by way of the lingual nerve after it combines with the chord tympani
90
Where does the Otic ganglion send post ganglionic parasympathetic fibers?
to the parotid gland via auriculotemporal nerve
91
Sympathetic motor fibers to which two muscles may pass through the lingual nerve to convey taste information to the chord tympani?
tensor veli and tensor tempani
92
What is trigeminal neuralgia?
facial pain; the worst pain imaginal over one of the three divisions of the trigeminal; may involve dental considerations
93
Whats another name for trigeminal neuralgia?
tic do la roux
94
What kind of information does the facial nerve carry?
both sensory and motor
95
What is another name for CN VII?
"Nerve of facial expression"
96
What is the primary nucleus of origin in the facial nerve?
motor nucleus of the facial nerve
97
What other nucleus contribute to the pre ganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve?
superior salivary nucleus
98
Where do the sensory fibers carried in the facial nerve terminate?
upper part of the solitary nucleus
99
Where are the cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the facial nerve found?
Geniculate Ganglion
100
General sensation from which organ is carried to the geniculate ganglion via CN VII?
external ear and lateral tympanic membrane
101
After axons are carried to the geniculate ganglion in the sensory pathway where is the information carried?
the solitary nucleus
102
What other special sense is caries through the neurons with cell bodies found in the geniculate and terminate in the solitary nucleus?
Taste
103
How does taste end up in the geniculate ganglion?
taste is carried from the anterior part of the tongue are found in chord tympani
104
Axons from the lower motor neurons in the motor nucleus of the facial nerve exit CNS, travel through the geniculate ganglion to innervate what?
the muscles of facial expression
105
Where does the facial nerve receive information from?
both cerebral hemispheres
106
Where does the nucleus supplying the muscles in the inferior part of the face receive its information?
the contralateral cortex
107
True or false: the motor nucleus also receives information from the reticular formation.
True
108
Where do the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the superior salivatory nucleus synapse?
pterygopalatine ganglion and submandibular ganglion
109
What do the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve supply ?
lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual glands and small glands in the oral and nasal cavities
110
Where is the apparent origin of the facial nerve?
literally in the sulcus between pons and MO
111
Which two roots are present at the apparent origin of the facial nerve?
motor root
| intermediate nerve
112
What does the intermediate nerve carry?
sensory and parasympathetic fibers
113
What's another name for the motor root?
facial nerve proper
114
Whats another name for the greater petrosal nerve?
superficial petrosal nerve
115
What does the greater petrosal nerve, along with preganglionic parasympathetic five, stimulate?
secretions form the lacrimal, nasal and palatal glands
116
Whats the second nerve given off by the facial nerve?
nerve to the stapedius
117
True or false: the nerve to the stapedius contains half of the motor fibers that leave the facial nerve via the facial canal.
False; the nerve to the stapedius contains the ONLY motor fibers that peace the facial nerve via the facial canal.
118
What muscle does the nerve to the stapedius supply?
stapedius muscle of the middle ear
119
What is the third branch of the facial nerve?
Chorda Tympani
120
What kind of information does the Chorda tympani nerve carry?
preganglionic parasympathetic fibers and taste fibers
121
Where does chord tympani leave the temporal bone?
pterygotympanic fissure
122
What nerve does the chorda tympani combine with?
lingual nerve, mandibular division, trigeminal nerve
123
True or false: ALL autonomic fibers carried by CN VII are given off inside the facial canal.
True; only motor and somatosensory fibers remain (greater petrosal, chorda tympani)
124
Where do the remaining fibers of the facial nerve (not autonomic) exit the temporal bone?
stylomastoid foramen
125
What are the three branches off the facial nerve between the stylomastoid foramen and the parotid gland?
1. Digastric branch
2. Stylohyoid branch
3. posterior auricular nerve
126
What does the digastric branch of the facial nerve supply?
posterior belly of the digstric muscle
127
What does the stylohyoid branch of the facial nerve supply?
stylohyoid muscle
128
What does the posterior auricular nerve off the facial nerve divide into?
occipital and auricular branches
129
After the facial nerve enters the parotid gland, what does it form?
parotid plexus
130
What two trunks are supplied by CN VII in the parotid plexus?
temporofacial and cervicofacial
131
What five branches are given off the temporo and cervicofacial trunks that supply the muscles of facial expression?
```
Temporal branches
zygomatic branches
buccal branches
Marginal mandibular branch
Cervical branch
(ten zebras bit my mother's chickens)
```
132
Which branch supplies the orbicularis oculi?
Zygomatic branch
133
Which branch travels inferiorly to the platysma?
Cervical Branch
134
Which branch supplies intrinsic auricular muscles and superior and anterior auricular muscles?
the temporal branch
135
Which branch supplies the buccinator, orbicular is iris, and legator anguli oris?
The buccal branches
136
What does the temporal branch of the facial nerve combine with to supply the orbicular is oculi, corrugator supercilli and frontal belly of occipitofrontalis?
```
zygmaticotemporal nerve (V2)
auriculotemporal branch (V3)
```
137
If a patient presents paralysis to one side of the face, what does it mean?
Bell's palsy; Whichever side of the facial nerve is damaged affects the same side of the face (muscles cannot contract) (stroke symptom)
138
When would a patient need a superficial parotidectomy?
if the parotid gland superficial to the facial nerve develops a malignant tumor.
