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PNS > Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

What does the brachial plexus supply?

A

the upper extremities

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2
Q

what forms the brachial plexus?

A

anterior rami of C5- T1, sometimes C4 and T2

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3
Q

Where is it located?

A

laterally over rib 1 into the axilla

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4
Q

where do the roots travel?

A

between anterior and middle scaliness into posterior triangles. Posterior and superior to the subclavian artery

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5
Q

What roots make up the superior, middle, and inferior trunk?

A 
superior= C5&C6
middle= C7
inferior= C8&T1
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6
Q

What does the anterior division supply?

A

the anterior compartments of the arm and forearm

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7
Q

What does the posterior division supply?

A

the posterior compartments of the arm and forearm

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8
Q

How are the cords named?

A

By their relationship to the axillary nerve

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9
Q

What is included in the lateral cord?

A

anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks (C5,C6,C7)

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10
Q

What is included in the medial cord?

A

the anterior divisions of the inferior cord (C8&T1)

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11
Q

What is included in the posterior cord?

A

the posterior divisions of the superior, middle and inferior cords (C5-T1)

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12
Q

Once in the forearm, what does the musculocutaneous nerve become?

A

lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

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13
Q

what does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm supply ?

A

sensory for the skin over the lateral aspect of the forearm

NOT THE HAND

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14
Q

What branches come off the medial cord?

A

Medial pectoral nerve, medial cutaneous nerve of the arm, medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm, ulnar nerve, median nerve

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15
Q

What does the medial pectoral nerve supply?

A

pectorals major and minor

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16
Q

What does the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm supply?

A

sensory for the skin of the medial arm between the axilla and the elbow

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17
Q

What nerve does the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm communicate with to receive fibers from T2?

A

intercostalbrachial nerve

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18
Q

What does the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm supply?

A

sensory for the skin over biceps brachia and anterior/medial aspects of the forearm distal to the wrist

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19
Q

What nerve is considered the “funny bone” and where is it located?

A

the Ulnar nerve; the sulcus for the ulnar nerve on the posterior side of the medial epicondyle

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20
Q

What two muscle heads does the ulnar nerve pass between?

A

the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris

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21
Q

What muscle does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus

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22
Q

What two branches are given off by the Ulnar nerve?

A

Dorsal and Palmar nerve

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23
Q

Which supplies the ulnar side of the posterior hand?

A

The dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve

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24
Q

What does the palmer branch supply?

A

sensory to the skin over the hypothenar eminence

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25
Q

Does the Ulnar nerve pass superficial or deep to the flexor retinaculum?

A

superficial

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26
Q

After passing superficial to the flexor retinaculum, what does the ulnar nerve split into? Which is sensory?

A

superficial (sensory) and deep branches

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27
Q

What does the superficial branch supply?

A

the paler aspect of the little finger and medial half of the ring finger

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28
Q

What does the deep branch supply?

A 
abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi brevis
opponens digiti minimi
adductor pollicis 
deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis
all interossei (dorsal and palmer)
lumbercles 3&4
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29
Q

What is the clinical consideration of the ulnar nerve?

A

Claw hand

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30
Q

What is claw hand?

A

when open handed, digits 2-5 are flexed

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31
Q

What fibers are in the median nerve?

A

C6, C7, C8, T1 (lateral and medial cord)

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32
Q

Where does the median nerve travel through?

A

medial bicipital sulcus, crosses elbow and enteres forearm between two heads of pronator trees muscles

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33
Q

What 5 muses does the median nerve supply in the forearm?

A 
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor digitorum superficialis
pronator quadratus
34
Q

Which branch of the median nerve is given off in the distal 1/3 of the forearm?

A

Palmer branch

35
Q

What does the palmer branch supply?

A

sensory to the skin of the thenar eminence, lateral wrist and palm

36
Q

Where does the Palmer Nerve pass through before dividing into the 3 common palmer digital nerves?>

A

the Carpal Tunnel

37
Q

What happens the the palmer nerve after it passes through the carpal tunnel?

A

it divides into the 3 common palmer digital nerves

38
Q

What muscles does the first common palmer digital nerve supply?

A

abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis

39
Q

What do all three common palmer digital nerves supply?

A

the first two lumbercle muscles

40
Q

Each common palmer digital nerve splits into two proper palmer digital nerves. What is their function?

A

sensory of the skin over the lateral three and a half digits

41
Q

What does the median nerve communicate with and where?

A

the ulnar nerve in the wrist

42
Q

What other structures does the median nerve supply?

A

periosteum

elbow, radiocarpal and midcarpal joints

43
Q

What are the clinical considerations of the median nerve?

A

hand of oath
carpal tunnel syndrome
unable to pronate

44
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

wrist inflammation at the level of the scalene triangle IVF

45
Q

What nerves are involved in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

A

Ulnar and median nerves

46
Q

What branches off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A 
superior scapular nerve
thoracodorsal nerve
inferior subscapular nerve
axillary nerve
radial nerve
47
Q

What are the fibers of the superior sub scapular nerve

A

C5 and C6

48
Q

What does the superior sub scapular nerve supply?

A

subscapularis

49
Q

What does the thoracodorsal nerve supply?

A

latissimus dorsi

50
Q

What fibers does the thoracodorsal nerve contain?

A

C6, C7, C8

51
Q

Where does the thoracodorsal nerve travel?

A

along the posterior axillary wall

52
Q

What nerve fibers does the axillary nerve contain?

A

C5 &C6

53
Q

What muscles does the axillary nerve supply?

A

deltoid and teres minor

54
Q

Which nerve of the posterior cord travels around the neck of the humerus?

A

axillary nerve

55
Q

What is the secondary branch given off the axially nerve at the same level as the branch to the teres minor?

A

superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm

56
Q

What does the superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm supply?

A

sensory to the skin over the lateral shoulder and upper arm

57
Q

What fibers does the inferior scapular nerve contain?

A

C5 and C6

58
Q

What does the inferior scapular nerve supply?

A

subscapularis and teres major

59
Q

what fibers does the radial nerve contain?

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

60
Q

What does the radial nerve supply?

A

most of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm and forearm

61
Q

At the radial head, the radial nerve divides to become what 2 branches?

A

superficial branch of the radial nerve

deep branch of the radial nerve

62
Q

Which radial nerve branch travels between brachioradialis and the radius to the posterior surface of the hand?

A

the superficial branch of the radial nerve

63
Q

Which branch of the radial nerve penetrates the supinator muscle?

A

deep branch of the radial nerve

64
Q

Which branch of the radial nerve branches off of the upper arm and supplies the skin on the posterior side of the upper arm?

A

posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm

65
Q

which branch of the radial nerve branched off the radial in the middle arm?

A

inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm

66
Q

What branch of the radial nerve supplies the triceps brachii and anconeous?

A

the muscular branches off the arm

67
Q

which branch of the radial nerve is given off in the upper arm and supplies the narrow area of skin on the lateral side of the posterior forearm?

A

lateral cutanous nerve of the forearm

68
Q

what muscles are supplied by the branches given off at the level of the lateral epicondyle (radial nerve)?

A

brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus

69
Q

What does the superficial branch of the radial nerve supply?

A

sensory to the radial side of the posterior hand
extensor side of the thumb
extensor side of proximal phalanxes of digits 2 and 3
lateral half of extensor side of the ring finger

70
Q

What does the deep branch of the radial nerve supply?

A 
motor to extensor carpi radialis brevis
supinator
extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
71
Q

Which branch of the radial nerve gives off a communicating branch to the ulnar nerve?

A

superficial branch of the radial nerve of the forearm

72
Q

What is the terminal branch of the deep branch of the radial nerve?

A

posterior interosseous nerve

73
Q

What does the posterior interosseous nerve supply?

A

exensor pollicis longus and extensor indicis

74
Q

where does the radial nerve send articular branches to?

A

shoulder and wrist

75
Q

what are the clinical considerations of the radial nerve?

A

wrist drop and triceps/brachioradialis reflexes

76
Q

Which brachial plexus injury involves the supraclavicular?

A

Erb-Duchene

77
Q

Which brachial plexus injury involves the infraclavicular?

A

Klumpke’s

78
Q

What nerves are damaged in Erb-Duchene?

A

damage to C5 &C6 (C7 if severe)

subscapular, musculocutaneous, and axillary

79
Q

What muscles atrophy with Erb-Duchene?

A

deltoid, biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis

80
Q

What other syndrome is associated with Klumpke?

A

Horner’s Syndrome

81
Q

What is hornet’s syndrome?

A

stosis and miosis (dry eye)

difficulty using forearm and hand

PNS (11 decks)

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