Parasympathetics

Question 1

Where are the pre-ganglionic fibers carried?

Answer 1

in the oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus CN and sacral spinal nerves 2,3,4

Question 2

Where do the pre-ganglionic fiber synapse?

Answer 2

on post-ganglionic neurons in peripheral ganglia

Question 3

What neurotransmitter do pre-ganglionic fibers release?

Answer 3

ACh

Question 4

What effect do post-ganglionic fibers have on effector organs?

Answer 4

decrease cardiac output
constrict the bronchial tree
constrict the pupils
stimulate peristalsis

Question 5

What nerve supply structures in the head?

Answer 5

CN III, VII, IX

Question 6

What structures does CN X supply?

Answer 6

cardiac, respiratory, and digestive structures in the neck, thorax, abdomen

Question 7

What does S2, 3, and 4 supply?

Answer 7

the distal part of the digestive system and urogenital system

Question 8

Where are the oculomotor preganglionic cell bodies found?

Answer 8

accessory oculomotor nucleus

Question 9

What path do the preganglionic fibers of the oculomotor take?

Answer 9

it follows the oculomotor into the orbit and synapses in the ciliary

Question 10

Where are the post ganglionic axons carried?

Answer 10

in the short ciliary nerves

Question 11

What two muscles does the oculomotor nerve supply?

Answer 11

ciliary muscle

sphincter pupillae

Question 12

What does the ciliary muscle do?

Answer 12

contraction makes the lens more convex to focus on closer objects

Question 13

What does the sphincter pupillage do?

Answer 13

contractions decreases the size of the pupil

Question 14

Where are the preganglionic cell bodies of the facial nerve located?

Answer 14

superior part of the salivary nucleus

Question 15

Where do the preganglionic fibers of the facial nerve exit the CNS?

Answer 15

through the intermediate nerve and then carried in two branches of the facial nerve

Question 16

What two fibers of the facial nerve do the preganglionic fibers of the facial nerve travel through?

Answer 16

greater petrosal nerve

chorda tympani

Question 17

What information does the greater petrosal nerve carry?

Answer 17

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers

Question 18

Where does the greater petrosal nerve leave the facial nerve?

Answer 18

the geniculate ganglion

Question 19

After leaving the facial nerve where does the greater petrosal nerve travel?

Answer 19

from the geniculate ganglion, it moves anteriorward through the hiatus for the greater petrosal nerve

Question 20

How does the greater petrosal nerve re-enter the temporal bone?

Answer 20

then re-enters the petrous part of the temporal bone through the foramen lacerum

Question 21

Where do the preganglionic fibers of the greater petrosal nerve ultimately end up?

Answer 21

pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 22

How does the petrosal nerve get into the pterygopapatine ganglion?

Answer 22

through the pterygoid canal

Question 23

The postganglionic fibers of the greater petrosal are distributed into which two fibers?

Answer 23

lacrimal and pterygopalatine nerves

Question 24

What glands do the greater petrosal nerve supply?

Answer 24

lacrimal, nasal, palatine, and pharyngeal glands

Question 25

What kind of fibers are carried in the chord tympani?

Answer 25

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers

Question 26

How does the chorda tympani leave the temporal bone?

Answer 26

through the tympanic cavity, leaving the temporal bone through the pterygotympanic fissure

Question 27

What nerve does the chorda tympani join?

Answer 27

the lingual nerve, mandiblular division, trigeminal

Question 28

Where do the preganglionic fibers in the chorda tympani synapse after leaving the lingual nerve?

Answer 28

submandibular ganglion

Question 29

Where do the postganglionic fibers of the chorda tympani travel to?

Answer 29

submandibular and sublingual glands

Question 30

Where are the preganglionic cell bodies of the glossopharyngeal nerve located?

Answer 30

inferior part of the salivary gland

Question 31

Where are the preganglionic fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve carried?

Answer 31

in the tympanic nerve which comes off the glossopharyngeal nerve in the inferior ganglion. through the tympanic canniculus to the tympanic cavity

Question 32

once in the tympanic ganglion, the nerve receives post gannglionic fibers and becomes what structure?

Answer 32

the tympanic plexus

Question 33

The pregagnlionic parasympathetic fibers pass through the tympanic plexus and reform as ________.

Answer 33

The lesser petrosal nerve

Question 34

Where does the lesser petrosal nerve synapse?

Answer 34

it travels through then lesser petrosal canal to the otic ganglion

Question 35

Which glands receive information from the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the otic gland?

Answer 35

parotid and posterior lingual glands

Question 36

How do the postganglioninc parasympathetic fibers reach the parotid gland?

Answer 36

through the auriculoterporal nerve, mandibular division, trigeminal

Question 37

how do the postganlionic parasympathetic fibers reach the lingual gland?

Answer 37

the lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 38

Special senses (taste) are carried in which nerve?

Answer 38

the lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal

Question 39

What are considered special visceral afferents?

Answer 39

special senses (taste)

Question 40

What other visceral afferents are carried in the branch of the carotid sinus?

Answer 40

baroreceptors in the carotid sinus | chemoreceptors in the carotid body

Question 41

Where are the preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies of the vagus nerve found?

Answer 41

in the posterior (dorsal) nucleus of the vagus nerve

Question 42

After descending down the vagus nerve, what do the fibers supply?

Answer 42

``` smooth muscle of the bronchial tree digestive tract gall bladder bile ducts myocardium pancreas liver spleen ```

Question 43

Where are the postganglionic cell bodies of the parasympathetic vagus nerve found?

Answer 43

in the organs being supplied or the blood vessels that supply the organs. (myocardium, submucosal plexus, and myenteric plexus)

Question 44

Vagus nerve: preganglionic fibers are carried to the heart via which nerves and where do they synapse?

Answer 44

inferior and superior cardiac nerves and synapse on the cardiac plexus at the base and wall of the heart

Question 45

vagus nerve: Where are the postganglionic fibers from the heart carried to?

Answer 45

SA node, AV node, and AV bundle to reach the subendocardial branches (purkinje fibers)

Question 46

Vagus Nerve: How do the parasympathetic impulses affect the heart?

Answer 46

inhibit myocardium and constrict the coronary artery

Question 47

Vagus Nerve: Preganglionic fibers to the lungs are carried in which nerves and where do they synapse?

Answer 47

anterior and posterior bronchial nerves | synapse in the pulmonary plexus surrounding the bronchial tree

Question 48

Vagus Nerve: Where do the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers go in the lungs?

Answer 48

bronchial musculature and glands

Question 49

Vagus nerve: what are the results of they parasympathetic impulses in the lungs?

Answer 49

constriction of the bronchial tree and increased secretions of the bronchial glands

Question 50

Vagus nerve: Which nerve caries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers the the esophagus? Where do they synapse?

Answer 50

recurrent laryngeal nerves anterior and posterior esophageal branches synapse on the wall of the esophagus

Question 51

Vagus nerve: what do the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the esophagus supply?

Answer 51

smooth muscle fibers of the esophagus

Question 52

What nerve supplies the muscular layer of the upper 1/3 of the esophagus (skeletal muscle)?

Answer 52

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 53

Vagus Nerve: what branches do the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel through and where do they synapse?

Answer 53

anterior (4branches) and posterior (6 branches) vagal trunks synapse on the submucosal (meissner's) and myenteric (auerbach's) plexuses in the wall of the stomach

Question 54

Vagus NErve: What do the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the stomach wall supply?

Answer 54

smooth muscle of the stomach

Question 55

Vagus Nerve: What does the parasympathetic stimulation of the stomach result in?

Answer 55

contraction of smooth muscle and secretion of gastric juices