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Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

central nervous system includes what two organs?

A

Brain and Spinal cord

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2
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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3
Q

What’s the function of the nucleus of origin?

A

motor function

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4
Q

What’s the function of the nucleus of termination?

A

sensory function

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5
Q

How do cranial nerves exit the skull?

A

patent openings

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6
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

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7
Q

What attaches the spinal nerves to the spinal cord?

A

anterior and posterior rootlets

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8
Q

What’s the function of the dorsal rootlet?

A

sensory

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9
Q

What’s the function of the ventral rootlet?

A

motor

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10
Q

What is contained in the dorsal rootlet?

A

Dorsal root ganglion (DRG)

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11
Q

What does each rootlet split into?

A

Ventral and Dorsal primary ramus

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12
Q

Where is the somatic motor cell body located?

A

within the CNS

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13
Q

What is targeted by the somatic motor subdivision?

A

skeletal muscle (used for movement)

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14
Q

Where is the somatic sensory cell body located?

A

in the DRG

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15
Q

How does the Somatic sensory information travel to the CNS?

A

dendrites send info to the DRG (cell body) and the axon takes it to the grey horn within the CNS

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16
Q

Which subdivision of the Nervous System controls vital body function?

A

Visceral (autonomic)

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17
Q

Where is the sympathetic division of the Visceral nervous system found?

A

T1-L2

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18
Q

Sympathetic organs?

A

heart, lungs, abdominopelvic organs, blood vessels, arrector pili

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19
Q

How many efferent neurons are used to reach target?

A

two, short pre-granglionic (inside CNS) and long post-ganglionic fibers (outside CNS)

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20
Q

What is released by preganglionic somatic fibers?

A

ACH

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21
Q

What is released by post-ganglionic somatic fibers?

A

Norepinephrine

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22
Q

Where is the sympathetic trunk located?

A

sympathetic division of the Visceral subdivision of the nervous system

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23
Q

What does the sympathetic division control?

A

fight or flight; emergency

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24
Q

What are the four spanchnic nerves?

A

greater, lesser, least, and sacral

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25
What category would splanchnic nerves (sacral) be considered (be specific)?
preganglionic sympathic
26
After the spanchnic nerves leave the cord, where do they travel to?
through the sympathetic trunk to the abdominal pelvis viscera
27
What organs are supplies by the parasympathetic division?
heart, lungs, abdominopelvic organs, blood vessels, arrestor pili (less blood vessels)
28
How many efferent neurons are needed to reach the target in the parasympathetic division?
two; long preganglionic neuron (terminates on the wall of organ) and short post-ganglionic neuron (terminates on specific cell)
29
What is released by the parasympathetic preganglionic neuron?
ACH
30
What is released by the parasympathetic post-ganglion neuron?
ACH
31
Where does the long preganglionic neuron originate in the parasympathetic division?
CNS (CN III, VII, IX, X)
32
What do pelvic splanchnic nerves carry?
parasympatheitic (P for P)
33
What do sacral splanchnic nerves carry?
sympathetic (S for S)
34
What affect does the parasympathetic on the body?
allows it to return to normalcy
35
What are the three visceral divisions?
1. Sympathetic 2. Parasympathetic 3. Visceral afferents
36
CN I
Olfactory
37
What type of nerve is CN I?
special sensory
38
Through what opening does CN I enter the skull?
cribiform plate
39
Where does CN I synapse?
olfactory bulb
40
What type of nerve is CN II?
special sensory
41
CN II
Optic
42
How dos CN II enter the skull?
optic canal
43
What part of the eye sends fibers that travel through the optic nerve?
Retina (converge on optic disc)
44
Where do the optic nerves cross?
Chiasma
45
Where does CN II terminate?
lateral geniculate bodies
46
CN III
Oculomotor
47
What type of nerve is CN III?
motor (somatic and parasympathetic)
48
How many somatic muscles does CN III supply?
5 somatic muscles; 4 extraocular muscles and levator palpebra superioris
49
how many visceral (smooth) muscles does CN III supply?
2 visceral smooth muscles; ciliaris muscle and pupillary constrictor
50
CN IV
Trochlear
51
What type of nerve is CN IV?
Somatic Motor
52
How does CN III leave the skull?
Superior orbital fissure
53
How does CN IV leave the skull?
Superior orbital fissure
54
What muscle does the trochlear Nerve (CN IV) supply and what does it do?
superior oblique; abducts and depresses eye
55
CN V
Trigeminal
56
What type of nerve is CN V?
mixed (somatic motor and sensory)
57
CN V is the Motor supply for which muscles?
Mastication
58
CN V: Sensory for which parts of the body?
orbit, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, ear, and internal skull
59
How many divisions does the trochlear nerve have? (name them)
3; ophthalamic, maxillary, mandibular
60
CN VI
Abducens
61
What is the function of CN VI?
somatic motor
62
What does CN VI supply and what is the acton?
lateral rectus; abducts the eye
63
How does CN V enter/leave the skull?
1) superior orbital fissure 2) Foramen Rotundum 3) Foramen Ovale
64
How does CN VI leave the skull?
Superior Orbital Fissure
65
CN VII
Facial
66
How does the facial nerve leave/enter the skull?
Internal acoustic Meatus
67
What type of nerve is CN VII?
Mixed; parasympathetic and sympathetic motor, somatic and special sensory
68
What muscles does CN VII supply?
muscles of facial expression including stylohyoid and stapedius
69
What sensory information does CN VII carry?
taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
70
What glands are associated with CN VII?
salivary and lacrimal glands
71
CN VIII
vestibulocochlear
72
Why type of nerve is CN VIII
special sensory
73
What sensory information does CN VIII carry?
equilibrium (vestibular) and hearing (cochlear)
74
How does CN VIII enter skull?
jugular foramen
75
CN IX
Glossopharyngeal
76
What information does CN IX carry?
mixed; somatic and parasympathetic motor, somatic and special sensory
77
What sensory information does CN IX carry?
taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
78
What muscles does CN IX supply?
``` stylopharyngeus (somatic) parotid gland (parasympathetic) ```
79
CN X
Vagus
80
Where does CN X enter/exit the skull?
jugular foramen
81
What type of information does CN X carry?
mixed; somatic and parasympathetic motor, somatic sensory
82
What is the somatic motor supply of CN X?
pharyngeal constrictors
83
What is the parasympathetic motor supply of CN X?
bronchi, heart, and GI tract (esophagus--> distal 1/3 of transverse colon)
84
CN XI
Accessory
85
How does CN XI leave the skull?
Jugular Foramen
86
What type information ors CN XI carry?
motor
87
What parts of the cranium are supplied by CN XI ?
somatic muscles of the pharynx. larynx, and palate
88
What parts of the spine are supplied by CN XI?
trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
89
CN XII
Hypoglossal
90
What type of information is carried by CN XII?
motor
91
How does CN XII leave the skull?
hypoglossal canal
92
What muscles does CN XII supply?
intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
93
What is the largest Cranial Nerve?
CN V, Trigeminal
94
What is the longest CN?
CN X, Vagus
95
What is known as the "Nerve of Facial Expression"?
CN VII, Facial
96
What is knowns as the "Great Sensory Nerve of the Face"?
CN V, Trigeminal
97
What are the two motor neurons of the somatic motor pathway?
Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) and Lower Motor Neuron (LMN)
98
What are the types of cell bodies in the UMN?
Pyramidal and Extrapyramidal
99
What do the pyramidal cell bodies of the UMN influence?
the lower motor neuron (LMN)
100
What do the extrapyramidal cell bodies of the UMN influence?
reflexes and coordination (found in the brain stem)
101
Where is the LMN cell body located?
in the cord (anterior horn of the gray matter and rexed lamina 8&9)
102
How does the LMN exit the cord?
anterior rootlets and carried in named nerves to supply somatic muscle
103
How many neurons does Somatic Sensory pathway use to get from receptor to cerebral cortex?
three
104
Which Somatic sensory neuron travels from receptor to CNS?
Primary Sensory Neuron (only one in PNS)
105
Which Somatic sensory neuron decussates and brings information to the thalamus?
Secondary Sensory Neuron
106
Which somatic sensory neuron relays information to the cerebral cortex?
tertiary sensory neuron
107
Which two somatic sensory neurons are completely in the CNS?
secondary and tertiary
108
Which nerves are special sensory?
CN I, II, VIII
109
Which nerves are motor function?
CN III, XI, XII
110
Which are somatic motor function?
CN IV, VI
111
Which are mixed (motor and sensory)?
CN V, VII, IX, X

PNS (11 decks)

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