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PNS > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

central nervous system includes what two organs?

A

Brain and Spinal cord

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2
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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3
Q

What’s the function of the nucleus of origin?

A

motor function

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4
Q

What’s the function of the nucleus of termination?

A

sensory function

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5
Q

How do cranial nerves exit the skull?

A

patent openings

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6
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

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7
Q

What attaches the spinal nerves to the spinal cord?

A

anterior and posterior rootlets

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8
Q

What’s the function of the dorsal rootlet?

A

sensory

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9
Q

What’s the function of the ventral rootlet?

A

motor

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10
Q

What is contained in the dorsal rootlet?

A

Dorsal root ganglion (DRG)

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11
Q

What does each rootlet split into?

A

Ventral and Dorsal primary ramus

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12
Q

Where is the somatic motor cell body located?

A

within the CNS

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13
Q

What is targeted by the somatic motor subdivision?

A

skeletal muscle (used for movement)

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14
Q

Where is the somatic sensory cell body located?

A

in the DRG

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15
Q

How does the Somatic sensory information travel to the CNS?

A

dendrites send info to the DRG (cell body) and the axon takes it to the grey horn within the CNS

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16
Q

Which subdivision of the Nervous System controls vital body function?

A

Visceral (autonomic)

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17
Q

Where is the sympathetic division of the Visceral nervous system found?

A

T1-L2

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18
Q

Sympathetic organs?

A

heart, lungs, abdominopelvic organs, blood vessels, arrector pili

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19
Q

How many efferent neurons are used to reach target?

A

two, short pre-granglionic (inside CNS) and long post-ganglionic fibers (outside CNS)

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20
Q

What is released by preganglionic somatic fibers?

A

ACH

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21
Q

What is released by post-ganglionic somatic fibers?

A

Norepinephrine

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22
Q

Where is the sympathetic trunk located?

A

sympathetic division of the Visceral subdivision of the nervous system

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23
Q

What does the sympathetic division control?

A

fight or flight; emergency

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24
Q

What are the four spanchnic nerves?

A

greater, lesser, least, and sacral

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25
Q

What category would splanchnic nerves (sacral) be considered (be specific)?

A

preganglionic sympathic

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26
Q

After the spanchnic nerves leave the cord, where do they travel to?

A

through the sympathetic trunk to the abdominal pelvis viscera

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27
Q

What organs are supplies by the parasympathetic division?

A

heart, lungs, abdominopelvic organs, blood vessels, arrestor pili (less blood vessels)

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28
Q

How many efferent neurons are needed to reach the target in the parasympathetic division?

A

two; long preganglionic neuron (terminates on the wall of organ) and short post-ganglionic neuron (terminates on specific cell)

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29
Q

What is released by the parasympathetic preganglionic neuron?

A

ACH

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30
Q

What is released by the parasympathetic post-ganglion neuron?

A

ACH

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31
Q

Where does the long preganglionic neuron originate in the parasympathetic division?

A

CNS (CN III, VII, IX, X)

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32
Q

What do pelvic splanchnic nerves carry?

A

parasympatheitic (P for P)

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33
Q

What do sacral splanchnic nerves carry?

A

sympathetic (S for S)

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34
Q

What affect does the parasympathetic on the body?

A

allows it to return to normalcy

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35
Q

What are the three visceral divisions?

A
  1. Sympathetic
  2. Parasympathetic
  3. Visceral afferents
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36
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory

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37
Q

What type of nerve is CN I?

A

special sensory

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38
Q

Through what opening does CN I enter the skull?

A

cribiform plate

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39
Q

Where does CN I synapse?

A

olfactory bulb

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40
Q

What type of nerve is CN II?

A

special sensory

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41
Q

CN II

A

Optic

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42
Q

How dos CN II enter the skull?

A

optic canal

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43
Q

What part of the eye sends fibers that travel through the optic nerve?

A

Retina (converge on optic disc)

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44
Q

Where do the optic nerves cross?

A

Chiasma

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45
Q

Where does CN II terminate?

A

lateral geniculate bodies

46
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor

47
Q

What type of nerve is CN III?

A

motor (somatic and parasympathetic)

48
Q

How many somatic muscles does CN III supply?

A

5 somatic muscles; 4 extraocular muscles and levator palpebra superioris

49
Q

how many visceral (smooth) muscles does CN III supply?

A

2 visceral smooth muscles; ciliaris muscle and pupillary constrictor

50
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear

51
Q

What type of nerve is CN IV?

A

Somatic Motor

52
Q

How does CN III leave the skull?

A

Superior orbital fissure

53
Q

How does CN IV leave the skull?

A

Superior orbital fissure

54
Q

What muscle does the trochlear Nerve (CN IV) supply and what does it do?

A

superior oblique; abducts and depresses eye

55
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal

56
Q

What type of nerve is CN V?

A

mixed (somatic motor and sensory)

57
Q

CN V is the Motor supply for which muscles?

A

Mastication

58
Q

CN V: Sensory for which parts of the body?

A

orbit, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, ear, and internal skull

59
Q

How many divisions does the trochlear nerve have? (name them)

A

3; ophthalamic, maxillary, mandibular

60
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens

61
Q

What is the function of CN VI?

A

somatic motor

62
Q

What does CN VI supply and what is the acton?

A

lateral rectus; abducts the eye

63
Q

How does CN V enter/leave the skull?

A

1) superior orbital fissure
2) Foramen Rotundum
3) Foramen Ovale

64
Q

How does CN VI leave the skull?

A

Superior Orbital Fissure

65
Q

CN VII

A

Facial

66
Q

How does the facial nerve leave/enter the skull?

A

Internal acoustic Meatus

67
Q

What type of nerve is CN VII?

A

Mixed; parasympathetic and sympathetic motor, somatic and special sensory

68
Q

What muscles does CN VII supply?

A

muscles of facial expression including stylohyoid and stapedius

69
Q

What sensory information does CN VII carry?

A

taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

70
Q

What glands are associated with CN VII?

A

salivary and lacrimal glands

71
Q

CN VIII

A

vestibulocochlear

72
Q

Why type of nerve is CN VIII

A

special sensory

73
Q

What sensory information does CN VIII carry?

A

equilibrium (vestibular) and hearing (cochlear)

74
Q

How does CN VIII enter skull?

A

jugular foramen

75
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal

76
Q

What information does CN IX carry?

A

mixed; somatic and parasympathetic motor, somatic and special sensory

77
Q

What sensory information does CN IX carry?

A

taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

78
Q

What muscles does CN IX supply?

A 
stylopharyngeus (somatic)
parotid gland (parasympathetic)
79
Q

CN X

A

Vagus

80
Q

Where does CN X enter/exit the skull?

A

jugular foramen

81
Q

What type of information does CN X carry?

A

mixed; somatic and parasympathetic motor, somatic sensory

82
Q

What is the somatic motor supply of CN X?

A

pharyngeal constrictors

83
Q

What is the parasympathetic motor supply of CN X?

A

bronchi, heart, and GI tract (esophagus–> distal 1/3 of transverse colon)

84
Q

CN XI

A

Accessory

85
Q

How does CN XI leave the skull?

A

Jugular Foramen

86
Q

What type information ors CN XI carry?

A

motor

87
Q

What parts of the cranium are supplied by CN XI ?

A

somatic muscles of the pharynx. larynx, and palate

88
Q

What parts of the spine are supplied by CN XI?

A

trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

89
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal

90
Q

What type of information is carried by CN XII?

A

motor

91
Q

How does CN XII leave the skull?

A

hypoglossal canal

92
Q

What muscles does CN XII supply?

A

intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

93
Q

What is the largest Cranial Nerve?

A

CN V, Trigeminal

94
Q

What is the longest CN?

A

CN X, Vagus

95
Q

What is known as the “Nerve of Facial Expression”?

A

CN VII, Facial

96
Q

What is knowns as the “Great Sensory Nerve of the Face”?

A

CN V, Trigeminal

97
Q

What are the two motor neurons of the somatic motor pathway?

A

Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) and Lower Motor Neuron (LMN)

98
Q

What are the types of cell bodies in the UMN?

A

Pyramidal and Extrapyramidal

99
Q

What do the pyramidal cell bodies of the UMN influence?

A

the lower motor neuron (LMN)

100
Q

What do the extrapyramidal cell bodies of the UMN influence?

A

reflexes and coordination (found in the brain stem)

101
Q

Where is the LMN cell body located?

A

in the cord (anterior horn of the gray matter and rexed lamina 8&9)

102
Q

How does the LMN exit the cord?

A

anterior rootlets and carried in named nerves to supply somatic muscle

103
Q

How many neurons does Somatic Sensory pathway use to get from receptor to cerebral cortex?

A

three

104
Q

Which Somatic sensory neuron travels from receptor to CNS?

A

Primary Sensory Neuron (only one in PNS)

105
Q

Which Somatic sensory neuron decussates and brings information to the thalamus?

A

Secondary Sensory Neuron

106
Q

Which somatic sensory neuron relays information to the cerebral cortex?

A

tertiary sensory neuron

107
Q

Which two somatic sensory neurons are completely in the CNS?

A

secondary and tertiary

108
Q

Which nerves are special sensory?

A

CN I, II, VIII

109
Q

Which nerves are motor function?

A

CN III, XI, XII

110
Q

Which are somatic motor function?

A

CN IV, VI

111
Q

Which are mixed (motor and sensory)?

A

CN V, VII, IX, X

PNS (11 decks)

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