Unit 3: 2 - Transporting Materials Flashcards
What do large organisms have to move materials around the body?
A transport system.
What does the circulatory system in humans consist of? (3)
Blood vessels, the heart and blood.
Which side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
The right side.
Which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body?
The left side.
Label a diagram of the heart, including arrows for blood flow and names of all the sections and blood vessels.
Give 3 features of the structure of an artery.
Give 3 features of the structure of a vein.
Give 2 features of the structure of a capillary.
Why are stents used?
To widen blood vessels if they have become narrowed due to fatty deposits.
Give the 3 steps taken to insert a stent.
- A stent and a deflated baloon are put in place in the narrowed part of the artery;
- The baloon is inflated to open the stent and the blood vessel;
- The baloon is removed and the stent stays in place, holding the atery open.
What does plasma transport?
Carbon dioxide (to the lungs), soluble products of digestion (from the small intestine to other organs) and urea (from the liver to the kidneys).
What 3 items does the plasma always contain?
Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
Why are valves necessary in veins?
To prevent backflow of blood.
What shape are red blood cells?
Biconcave discs.
What part of a ‘normal’ cell do red blood cells lack to carry more oxygen?
A nucleus.
What do red blood cells have to carry oxygen?
The red pigment haemoglobin.
Give the equation for the reaction which lets red blood cells can carry oxygen.
Oxygen + Haemoglobin ⇌ Oxyhaemoglobin
What are platelets, and what is their function?
Platelets are small fragments of cells, which do not have a nucleus. They help blood to clot in a wound.
What are white blood cells, and what is their function?
They are cells which have a nucleus, and they are part of the bodies defence system against microorganisms - they ingest them.
What do we call the proces in which plasma is given to a patient from a donor?
Transfusion.
What are PFCs?
Perfluorocarbons are articifial blood which does not need to be refrigerated, unlike donor blood.
List 2 advantages and 2 disadvantage of PFCs.
Advantages: PFCs do not carry cells, so blood group matching is not necessary. Also, refrigeration is not necessary unlike with normal donor blood.
Disadvantages: PFCs are expensive, and does not contain as much oxygen as whole blood. Some types are insoluble in water so do not mix well with blood. Also, they can cause unpleasant side-effects.
What does the xylem do?
Transports water and mineral ions from the roots to the stem, leaves and flowers.
What does the phloem do?
Transports dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant, including the growing regions and the storage organs.
