Unit 3: 2 - Transporting Materials

Question 1

What do large organisms have to move materials around the body?

Answer 1

A transport system.

Question 2

What does the circulatory system in humans consist of? (3)

Answer 2

Blood vessels, the heart and blood.

Question 3

Which side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

Answer 3

The right side.

Question 4

Which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body?

Answer 4

The left side.

Question 5

Label a diagram of the heart, including arrows for blood flow and names of all the sections and blood vessels.

Answer 5

Question 6

Give 3 features of the structure of an artery.

Answer 6

Question 7

Give 3 features of the structure of a vein.

Answer 7

Question 8

Give 2 features of the structure of a capillary.

Answer 8

Question 9

Why are stents used?

Answer 9

To widen blood vessels if they have become narrowed due to fatty deposits.

Question 10

Give the 3 steps taken to insert a stent.

Answer 10

1. A stent and a deflated baloon are put in place in the narrowed part of the artery;
2. The baloon is inflated to open the stent and the blood vessel;
3. The baloon is removed and the stent stays in place, holding the atery open.

Question 11

What does plasma transport?

Answer 11

Carbon dioxide (to the lungs), soluble products of digestion (from the small intestine to other organs) and urea (from the liver to the kidneys).

Question 12

What 3 items does the plasma always contain?

Answer 12

Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.

Question 13

Why are valves necessary in veins?

Answer 13

To prevent backflow of blood.

Question 14

What shape are red blood cells?

Answer 14

Biconcave discs.

Question 15

What part of a ‘normal’ cell do red blood cells lack to carry more oxygen?

Answer 15

A nucleus.

Question 16

What do red blood cells have to carry oxygen?

Answer 16

The red pigment haemoglobin.

Question 17

Give the equation for the reaction which lets red blood cells can carry oxygen.

Answer 17

Oxygen + Haemoglobin ⇌ Oxyhaemoglobin

Question 18

What are platelets, and what is their function?

Answer 18

Platelets are small fragments of cells, which do not have a nucleus. They help blood to clot in a wound.

Question 19

What are white blood cells, and what is their function?

Answer 19

They are cells which have a nucleus, and they are part of the bodies defence system against microorganisms - they ingest them.

Question 20

What do we call the proces in which plasma is given to a patient from a donor?

Answer 20

Transfusion.

Question 21

What are PFCs?

Answer 21

Perfluorocarbons are articifial blood which does not need to be refrigerated, unlike donor blood.

Question 22

List 2 advantages and 2 disadvantage of PFCs.

Answer 22

Advantages: PFCs do not carry cells, so blood group matching is not necessary. Also, refrigeration is not necessary unlike with normal donor blood.

Disadvantages: PFCs are expensive, and does not contain as much oxygen as whole blood. Some types are insoluble in water so do not mix well with blood. Also, they can cause unpleasant side-effects.

Question 23

What does the xylem do?

Answer 23

Transports water and mineral ions from the roots to the stem, leaves and flowers.

Question 24

What does the phloem do?

Answer 24

Transports dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant, including the growing regions and the storage organs.