Unit 1: 1 - Keeping Healthy Flashcards
Define malnourished.
When your diet is unbalanced and you lack the vital vitamins and minerals needed to keep healthy.
How can you increase your metabolic rate?
By doing exercise.
What is your metabolic rate?
The rate at which chemical reactions occur inside cells.
What are the 2 main factors that affect metabolic rate?
The proportion of muscle to body fat and inherited factors.
What is ‘good’ cholesterol used for?
Cell membranes and vital substances.
What can ‘bad’ cholesterol cause?
Fatty deposits in the arteries and heart disease.
What do pathogens cause?
Infectious diseases.
Who was Semmelweiss?
A doctor who thought that infection could be transferred from person to person in a hospital, who told staff to wash their hands between treating patients.
What are the three main defences that the human body has against pathogens entering the body?
The skin, mucus inside the throat, and stomach acid.
What three things do white blood cells do?
Ingesting (and destroying) pathogens, producing antibodies and produce antitoxins to counteract the toxins that pathogens produce.
What do antibiotics do?
Kill bacteria (but not viruses).
When and by whom was penicillin discovered?
By Alexander Fleming in 1928.
Describe how to safely grow cultures.
Pass the metal loops through a flame to sterilise them (and boil solutions and agar jelly, too) then give them a liquid or gel containing nutrients (a culture medium, most commonly agar jelly). Provide warmth and oxygen (25 degrees Celsius in schools and 35 in industry).
What is an epidemic?
A disease that spreads quickly throughout a country.
What is a pandemic?
When diseases spread across many countries.
