Unit 2: 3 - Enzymes Flashcards
What does the shape of a protein rely on?
It’s function
What are protein molecules?
Long chins of amino acids
What can proteins be used for? Give 4.
- Structural components of tissues, such as muscle
- Hormones
- Catalysts
- Antibodies
What is an enzyme’s function?
A biological catalyst
What is an enzyme?
A large protein - the shape is vital for its function.
What is the active site on an enzyme?
An area where other molecules can fit.
What is a substrate?
A layer which can be held in the active site and either be connected to another molecule or be broken down.
Give 3 “jobs” an enzyme can do.
- Build large molecules from multiple smaller ones (e.g. Glucose into starch)
- Change one molecule into another (e.g. Convert one sugar to another)
- Break down large molecules to smaller ones (e.g. Digestive enzymes)
Give the main factor that affects enzyme reaction rates.
Temperature
What is the optimum temperature? (Enzymes)
When the reaction works as fast as possible. In humans it is around 37 degrees Celsius.
What happens if the enzyme gets too hot?
It becomes denatured, and stops working.
Give another factor for enzyme performance, particularly in digestion.
pH level.
How does an enzyme become denatured?
The active site changes shape.
Give the purpose, location, place made and optimum pH value of Amylase.
A carbohydrase, amylase is produces by salivary glands, the pancreas and the small intestine. It is used in the mouth and small intestine. It breaks starch into sugars. It works best in slightly alkaline conditions.
Give the purpose, location, place made and optimum pH value of Protease.
Produced by the stomach, pancreas and small intestine. It catalysed the breakdown of proteins into amino acids in the stomach and small intestine. It works well in acidic conditions in the stomach.
