Unit 3

Question 1

Bottom up processing

Answer 1

Starts at sensory receptors and works up to high level processing

Question 2

Top down processing

Answer 2

Draws perceptions from sensation based on experience emotion expectation and motivation

Question 3

Sensation

Answer 3

Taking sensory information from environment through your senses

Question 4

Perception

Answer 4

Interpreting sensory information

Question 5

Selective attention

Answer 5

Attention focuses on one thing and shifts to notice others
SPOTLIGHT

Question 6

Cocktail Party Effect

Answer 6

Ability to focus on a single talker in a room full of conversation

Question 7

Selective inattention

Answer 7

The brain ignores stimulus to focus on one thing

Question 8

Inattentional blindness

Answer 8

Failure to notice an unexpected item

Question 9

Change Blindness

Answer 9

Type of inattentional blindness
Obvious changes are not noticed

Question 10

Absolute threshold

Answer 10

Minimum stimulation required to detect stimulus 50% of the time

Question 11

Signal detection theory

Answer 11

There is no one absolute threshold-it depends on experience, expectation, motivation, alertness

Question 12

Subliminal

Answer 12

Anything below absolute threshold

Question 13

Priming

Answer 13

Being exposed to subliminal messages to steer you towards a specific perception

Question 14

Difference threshold (JND)

Answer 14

Minimum amount of difference to tell 50% off the time

Question 15

Webers law

Answer 15

2 stimuli must differ by same percentage not amount

Question 16

Sensory adaption

Answer 16

Exposed to constant stimuli, receptor sensitivity decreases
PHYSICAL

Question 17

Sensory Habituation

Answer 17

Exposed to constant stimuli, response declines/cognitive
Conscious control
MENTAL

Question 18

Transduction Really Tired Deer

Answer 18

RECIEVES Sensory stimulation
TRANSFORMS to neural impulse
DELIVER neural information
Sensation—->perception

Question 19

Signal detection theory

Answer 19

Hit, Miss, Correct Rejection, false alarm

Question 20

Schemas

Answer 20

Perceptual set
A set of ideas

Question 21

Parapsychology

Answer 21

Investigates psychic phenomena

Question 22

Feature detectors

Answer 22

Specialized neurons
Only respond to certain sensory info

Question 23

Parellel processing

Answer 23

Putting color motion form and depth together using FD

Question 24

Frequency determines _______ while amplitude determines _________

Answer 24

Color/Intensity

Question 25

Cornea

Answer 25

Clear lens Focused light onto eye

Question 26

Iris

Answer 26

Colored part Controlls light entering eye

Question 27

Pupil

Answer 27

Black hole CONTROLLS amount of light

Question 28

Lens

Answer 28

Bends light to focus on retina Allows to see close and far objects

Question 29

Retina

Answer 29

Contains photoreceptors (rods/cones) Converts light to electric signals

Question 30

Rods

Answer 30

Low light black and white On edges

Question 31

Comes

Answer 31

Well lit, sees color Center of retina

Question 32

Light travels…

Answer 32

Ganglion->Bipolar->Rods/cones->Bipolar>Ganglion

Question 33

Fovea

Answer 33

Retinas central point of focus

Question 34

Young Helmholtz trichromatic theory

Answer 34

Cones see color, and respond to RGB, and mix to make other colors

Question 35

Opponent processing theory

Answer 35

Pairs of opposing colors RG, BY, and BW that are turned on and off using cones

Question 36

Gesalt grouping PsC3

Answer 36

Figure/ Ground Proximity Similarity Continuity Connectedness Closure

Question 37

Retinal Disparity

Answer 37

Eyes focus in different positions getting two different images,. Then merging it into one image

Question 38

Motion parallax

Answer 38

Closer objects appear faster farther objects paper slower (Like cars on the highway)8

Question 39

Relative size

Answer 39

Closet objects look bigger

Question 40

Striboscopic

Answer 40

Flip book

Question 41

Phi phenomenon

Answer 41

Flashing lights in sequence…

Question 42

Perceptual constancy

Answer 42

Ability to recognize objects regardless of environment

Question 43

Color and brightness constancy

Answer 43

Color is not an object it is light reflecting off an object Perception depends on lighting

Question 44

Shape and size constancy

Answer 44

Brain believes it knows size/shape of objects Uses distance cue Unconsciously corrects to fit preconceptions

Question 45

Outer ear

Answer 45

Auditory canal Eardrum

Question 46

Middle ear

Answer 46

Ossicles Hammer anvil stirrup

Question 47

Inner ear

Answer 47

Cochlea (filled with fluid) lined with Basillar containing Cilia wiggle triggering Auditory nerve to Thalmus to Temporal lobe

Question 48

Conduction v Sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 48

Damage to ear bones/ Damage to cillia, Cochlear possible

Question 49

Place v Frequency theory

Answer 49

Specific parts of basilar respond to specific pitches Frequency of neurons correlates with pitch

Question 50

Touch (4 Sensations)

Answer 50

Pressure pain hot cold Norceceptors detect pain Mechanoreceptors detect pressure Thermoreceptors detect temp

Question 51

Gate theory

Answer 51

Small fibers open gate you feel pain Large fibers close gate pain reduces

Question 52

Taste (Gustation)

Answer 52

Chemical 5 tastes (Salty, Sweet, bitter, sour, Umami)

Question 53

Smell (Olfaction)

Answer 53

Chemical Receptors in upper nasal cavity Stimulated by gas dissolving in nasal fluid which is Transmitted to the olfactory bulb

Question 54

Kinesthesis

Answer 54

Sense of movement and location Receptors in joints and ligaments

Question 55

Vestibular sense

Answer 55

Balance/equilibrium Receptor is semicircular canal

Question 56

Mcgurk

Answer 56

If it looks like someone’s saying one thing that is what you will hear even if they are saying something else

Question 57

Embodied cognition

Answer 57

Our bodily sensations influence cognitive prcocessing