Unit 3 Flashcards
Bottom up processing
Starts at sensory receptors and works up to high level processing
Top down processing
Draws perceptions from sensation based on experience emotion expectation and motivation
Sensation
Taking sensory information from environment through your senses
Perception
Interpreting sensory information
Selective attention
Attention focuses on one thing and shifts to notice others
SPOTLIGHT
Cocktail Party Effect
Ability to focus on a single talker in a room full of conversation
Selective inattention
The brain ignores stimulus to focus on one thing
Inattentional blindness
Failure to notice an unexpected item
Change Blindness
Type of inattentional blindness
Obvious changes are not noticed
Absolute threshold
Minimum stimulation required to detect stimulus 50% of the time
Signal detection theory
There is no one absolute threshold-it depends on experience, expectation, motivation, alertness
Subliminal
Anything below absolute threshold
Priming
Being exposed to subliminal messages to steer you towards a specific perception
Difference threshold (JND)
Minimum amount of difference to tell 50% off the time
Webers law
2 stimuli must differ by same percentage not amount
Sensory adaption
Exposed to constant stimuli, receptor sensitivity decreases
PHYSICAL
Sensory Habituation
Exposed to constant stimuli, response declines/cognitive
Conscious control
MENTAL
Transduction Really Tired Deer
RECIEVES Sensory stimulation
TRANSFORMS to neural impulse
DELIVER neural information
Sensation—->perception
Signal detection theory
Hit, Miss, Correct Rejection, false alarm
Schemas
Perceptual set
A set of ideas
Parapsychology
Investigates psychic phenomena
Feature detectors
Specialized neurons
Only respond to certain sensory info
Parellel processing
Putting color motion form and depth together using FD
Frequency determines _______ while amplitude determines _________
Color/Intensity
Cornea
Clear lens
Focused light onto eye
Iris
Colored part
Controlls light entering eye
Pupil
Black hole
CONTROLLS amount of light
Lens
Bends light to focus on retina
Allows to see close and far objects
Retina
Contains photoreceptors (rods/cones)
Converts light to electric signals
Rods
Low light black and white
On edges
Comes
Well lit, sees color
Center of retina
Light travels…
Ganglion->Bipolar->Rods/cones->Bipolar>Ganglion
Fovea
Retinas central point of focus
Young Helmholtz trichromatic theory
Cones see color, and respond to RGB, and mix to make other colors
Opponent processing theory
Pairs of opposing colors RG, BY, and BW that are turned on and off using cones
Gesalt grouping PsC3
Figure/ Ground
Proximity
Similarity
Continuity
Connectedness
Closure
Retinal Disparity
Eyes focus in different positions getting two different images,. Then merging it into one image
Motion parallax
Closer objects appear faster farther objects paper slower
(Like cars on the highway)8
Relative size
Closet objects look bigger
Striboscopic
Flip book
Phi phenomenon
Flashing lights in sequence…
Perceptual constancy
Ability to recognize objects regardless of environment
Color and brightness constancy
Color is not an object it is light reflecting off an object
Perception depends on lighting
Shape and size constancy
Brain believes it knows size/shape of objects
Uses distance cue
Unconsciously corrects to fit preconceptions
Outer ear
Auditory canal
Eardrum
Middle ear
Ossicles
Hammer anvil stirrup
Inner ear
Cochlea (filled with fluid) lined with
Basillar containing
Cilia wiggle triggering
Auditory nerve to Thalmus to Temporal lobe
Conduction v Sensorineural hearing loss
Damage to ear bones/ Damage to cillia, Cochlear possible
Place v Frequency theory
Specific parts of basilar respond to specific pitches
Frequency of neurons correlates with pitch
Touch (4 Sensations)
Pressure pain hot cold
Norceceptors detect pain
Mechanoreceptors detect pressure
Thermoreceptors detect temp
Gate theory
Small fibers open gate you feel pain
Large fibers close gate pain reduces
Taste (Gustation)
Chemical
5 tastes (Salty, Sweet, bitter, sour, Umami)
Smell (Olfaction)
Chemical
Receptors in upper nasal cavity
Stimulated by gas dissolving in nasal fluid which is
Transmitted to the olfactory bulb
Kinesthesis
Sense of movement and location
Receptors in joints and ligaments
Vestibular sense
Balance/equilibrium
Receptor is semicircular canal
Mcgurk
If it looks like someone’s saying one thing that is what you will hear even if they are saying something else
Embodied cognition
Our bodily sensations influence cognitive prcocessing
