Orgins Of Psychology Flashcards
Sensation
Body receiving signals from senses
Perception
How your brain interprets information from sensation
Socrates & Plato
Mind is born with knowledge that needs to be unlocked (nature)
Aristotle
We are not born with knowledge, but gain it through observation and experience (nurture)
Descartes
-Brain fluid contains “animal spirit” which commanded muscle movement and dictates behavior (Nature)
Bacon
-We learn as we go
-We try to organize and make patterns/connections
Locke
-Born with Blank Slates
-Molded through education/surroundings (Nurture)
-Not born with traits/intellect
Empiricism
True knowledge only comes from sensory experience/scientific method
Sally Eats Soggy Meat
Cogito Ergo Sum
“I think, therefor I am”
-Can not doubt yourself if you are the one doubting
-Doubt is the foundation of truth
-Doubting our thoughts is proof of the truth ( Descartes )
Structuralism 1800s (Sugar)
-Founded by Wundt
-Hall, Hopkins, Titchener helped
-Introspection
-No consistency, unreliable
Would He Have Tea?
Introspection
Reflecting on thoughts and feelings after a stimulus
Gestalt
Gestalt-Our drive to group things(PCC)
Proximity-Physically Close
Continuity-Continuous and smooth patterns
Closure- Fill in gaps
1920s Behaviorism
Behavior observed in response to stimuli
Pavlov-Dogs reacting to bells
Watson-Animals/Children reacting
Skinner- Conditioning experiments/No free will
Didn’t account for instinct
Pretty White Snow
Humanistic Psychology
-based on emotional/basic needs (love)
-treated with acceptance+introspection
-Rogers, Manslow
Humanists beleive
-Perception/behavior driven by internal motives
-Others were narrow minded
-Didn’t explain internal motives
Cognitive Psychology
-Behavior influenced by cognitive processes
-Focused on mental/ brains thinking process
3 Levels of Analysis
Biological
Psychological
Social
We are Biopsychosocial Creatures
Biological Influences (New green bike horn)
-Natural Selection
-Genetic Predisposition
-brain mechanisms
-hormonal influences
Psychological influences (like eggs? Cooked please!)
-Learned Fears/expectations
-emotional responses
-cognitive processing
-perceptual interpretation
Social- Cultural influences
-others/ group influences
-expectations (Culture, social, family)
Freudian psychology
-Reopened Nurture Argument
-behavior, thought, perception shaped by experience/instinct
-idea of unconscious
Frued’s theory of mind
ID-Unconscious minds motives/Desires
EGO-conscious self(repelled by)
SUPER EGO- ideal moral self
NO SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT
Functionalism
-James, influenced by Darwin
-How mental/behavioral processes function/help us survive
-thinking is adaptive
Cognitive revolution
How we retain information
