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Philosophy > unit 2 test prep > Flashcards

unit 2 test prep Flashcards

1
Q

who believes everything in the universe is an imperfect copy of a perfect form

A

Plato

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2
Q

two branches of monism

A

idealism
materialism

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3
Q

monist vs dualist

A

Aristotle is a monist
- all particular things are manifestation of expressions of that one thing

Plato is a dualist
- mind and matter (body and mind and idea of particular object)

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4
Q

monotheism

A

belief in one God

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5
Q

polytheism

A

belief in many Gods

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6
Q

pantheism

A

belief that God coexist with the world/ he is the world

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7
Q

St. Ansiem ontological argument

A

“God is that than which greater cannot be thought”
God has to exist in reality to be the greatest we could conseive

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8
Q

St. Augustine view on God

A

God is the source of the forms
- spiritual aspect is what gives our identity
-things seeze to exist, possible nothing exist at all
- things that do exist, must exist for a purpose which is set in place by God

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9
Q

Aquinas five arguments for the existence of God

A

motion- everything need to be put in motion, something had to start the chain of motions, chain of events and that was god

causation- everything that exist had to be created by something that exist too

contingency- know some things exist and some do not, all things exist for a reason

degree- measure goodness in world, by comparison to God

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10
Q

Descartes on Humanity and God

A

Human mind is reliable because it was created by God
God the relationship between the body and the mind in a way that is good for the person as a whole

substances take up space- extended

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11
Q

john Locke real vs nominal essences

A

Real Essence-
Knowledge about a thing that is unavailable and undiscoverable to human beings

Nominal Essence – Knowledge about a thing that is known, and the
best ways to learn about things

ex. A CLOCK
nominal essence- what we can see, real essence is the gear behind the clock

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12
Q

Spinoza

A

God is all that exist
God is not like a person, we must be careful what attributes to God

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13
Q

Leibniz

A
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14
Q

Plato- what describes the “essence of something

A

the way things imitate the forms

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15
Q

animism

A

the belief that nature, plants, and animals have spiritual significance

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16
Q

existentialism

A

i am responsible for defining my own existence, up to you to find meaning in your life

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17
Q

nihillism

A

belief life have no meaning

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18
Q

what does Plato believe is at the top of the hierarchy of forms

A

the form of goodness

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19
Q

Heidegger “being” is…

A

a verb

20
Q

according to Parfti, personhood is describes as

A

survival

21
Q

Satire is atheist’s

A

true

doesnt believe in God, simply exist, define ourselves after

22
Q

forms

A

timeless, unchanging, immaterial, perfect essence of particular things

23
Q

pantheism

A

entire physical universe as a part of a supreme being

24
Q

existence

A

having objective realty

25
Q

materialism

A

the idea that everything is made from matter

26
Q

leibnize- why does God allow suffering

A

Gods plan is too great to understand

27
Q

kant

A

cannot ever know what is truely reak

28
Q

S- materialist vs idealist
(relationship between thoughts and physical properties of brain)

A

idealist- think world is only made up of ideas
materialist- world is only matter

idealist- when we touch something, sensible properties are in the mind, not the things themselves

materalist- no difference our thoughts vs brain activity

29
Q

S- Spinoza- why do we need to be careful when talking to God

A

God is in all that exist.
God is not like a person, we need to be careful

human perspective is limited-
thinking about divinity from limited perspective of a human DISORTS GODS REALITY

need to be careful what properties we attribute to God

30
Q

pantheism

A

entire physical world is part of a supreme being

31
Q

S- Plato vs Aristotle (dualist vs monist)

A

Plato ( dualist) - beliefs reality is made from both mind and matter

Aristotle (monist)- all particular things are manifestations or reflections of the “perfect form”
- all encompassing matter
-theory of 4 causes of natural being- no difference between forms and physical world

32
Q

s-lesson from Plato’s Allegory of the cave

A

need to make an effort to discover reality, we can questions our assumptions about reality
like the shadows on the wall things in the physical world are a flawed reflection of ideal forms

33
Q

S- western vs eastern metaphysics

A

western wants to be “right” and find the objective truth

eastern- finding social responsibility and balance, while accepts the truth

34
Q

S- how historic event or time period impacted metaphysics

A
35
Q

Leibniz

A
  • people only have limited understanding for God, part of a painting
    -if we saw the whole picture we would not be confused anymore
    -etc. human suffering, cannot understand why people suffer, cannot understand Gods whole plan
36
Q

HUne

A

God is supposed to be kind and unlimited power, if a creator like this existed their would be no evil

-a lot of evil in the world- God is not or God does not exist

37
Q

materialism

A
38
Q

Kant

A

biased by perspective
- don’t actually know anything, just know how it appears

39
Q

athetotic existentialism vs theistic

A

athetotic- no meaning in life, belief that u must find your own meaning in your life

theistic- even if their is God, up to you to give yourself meaning

40
Q

heidegger- “being”

A

verb- fundamental thing that can happen
“being” is always an issue, up to us how we will “be”

41
Q

S- what impacted metaphysics thinking

A

psychology, learning a better understanding about the mind
for more modern philosophers less guess work was needed on the development of their theories

42
Q

S- explain one of STA 5 arguments of existence

A

motion- everything in the world had to be set into motion by one thing, something had to start this chain of motion- that was God

43
Q

S- aristiole four causes- table

A

material- wood
formal- blue print of table (structure or design)
agent- tools (force that brings something about)
final cause- eat at table

44
Q

why is St. Augustine a Neoplatonist

A

take theory view through a Christian lenses.
Neoplatonist believe Plato to understood external truths

45
Q

S- difference older and younger modern philosophers

A

older- not have scientific facts
modern-can use proven science in their argument
ex. Plato theory of forms

Philosophy (10 decks)

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