unit 2 test prep Flashcards by M P

who believes everything in the universe is an imperfect copy of a perfect form

Plato

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two branches of monism

idealism
materialism

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monist vs dualist

Aristotle is a monist
- all particular things are manifestation of expressions of that one thing

Plato is a dualist
- mind and matter (body and mind and idea of particular object)

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monotheism

belief in one God

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polytheism

belief in many Gods

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pantheism

belief that God coexist with the world/ he is the world

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St. Ansiem ontological argument

“God is that than which greater cannot be thought”
God has to exist in reality to be the greatest we could conseive

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St. Augustine view on God

God is the source of the forms
- spiritual aspect is what gives our identity
-things seeze to exist, possible nothing exist at all
- things that do exist, must exist for a purpose which is set in place by God

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Aquinas five arguments for the existence of God

motion- everything need to be put in motion, something had to start the chain of motions, chain of events and that was god

causation- everything that exist had to be created by something that exist too

contingency- know some things exist and some do not, all things exist for a reason

degree- measure goodness in world, by comparison to God

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Descartes on Humanity and God

Human mind is reliable because it was created by God
God the relationship between the body and the mind in a way that is good for the person as a whole

substances take up space- extended

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john Locke real vs nominal essences

Real Essence-
Knowledge about a thing that is unavailable and undiscoverable to human beings

Nominal Essence – Knowledge about a thing that is known, and the
best ways to learn about things

ex. A CLOCK
nominal essence- what we can see, real essence is the gear behind the clock

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Spinoza

God is all that exist
God is not like a person, we must be careful what attributes to God

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Leibniz

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Plato- what describes the “essence of something

the way things imitate the forms

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animism

the belief that nature, plants, and animals have spiritual significance

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existentialism

i am responsible for defining my own existence, up to you to find meaning in your life

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nihillism

belief life have no meaning

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what does Plato believe is at the top of the hierarchy of forms

the form of goodness

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Heidegger “being” is…

a verb

according to Parfti, personhood is describes as

survival

Satire is atheist’s

true

doesnt believe in God, simply exist, define ourselves after

forms

timeless, unchanging, immaterial, perfect essence of particular things

pantheism

entire physical universe as a part of a supreme being

existence

having objective realty

materialism

the idea that everything is made from matter

leibnize- why does God allow suffering

Gods plan is too great to understand

kant

cannot ever know what is truely reak

S- materialist vs idealist (relationship between thoughts and physical properties of brain)

idealist- think world is only made up of ideas materialist- world is only matter idealist- when we touch something, sensible properties are in the mind, not the things themselves materalist- no difference our thoughts vs brain activity

S- Spinoza- why do we need to be careful when talking to God

God is in all that exist. God is not like a person, we need to be careful human perspective is limited- thinking about divinity from limited perspective of a human DISORTS GODS REALITY need to be careful what properties we attribute to God

pantheism

entire physical world is part of a supreme being

S- Plato vs Aristotle (dualist vs monist)

Plato ( dualist) - beliefs reality is made from both mind and matter Aristotle (monist)- all particular things are manifestations or reflections of the "perfect form" - all encompassing matter -theory of 4 causes of natural being- no difference between forms and physical world

s-lesson from Plato's Allegory of the cave

need to make an effort to discover reality, we can questions our assumptions about reality like the shadows on the wall things in the physical world are a flawed reflection of ideal forms

S- western vs eastern metaphysics

western wants to be "right" and find the objective truth eastern- finding social responsibility and balance, while accepts the truth

S- how historic event or time period impacted metaphysics

Leibniz

- people only have limited understanding for God, part of a painting -if we saw the whole picture we would not be confused anymore -etc. human suffering, cannot understand why people suffer, cannot understand Gods whole plan

HUne

God is supposed to be kind and unlimited power, if a creator like this existed their would be no evil -a lot of evil in the world- God is not or God does not exist

materialism

Kant

biased by perspective - don't actually know anything, just know how it appears

athetotic existentialism vs theistic

athetotic- no meaning in life, belief that u must find your own meaning in your life theistic- even if their is God, up to you to give yourself meaning

heidegger- "being"

verb- fundamental thing that can happen "being" is always an issue, up to us how we will "be"

S- what impacted metaphysics thinking

psychology, learning a better understanding about the mind for more modern philosophers less guess work was needed on the development of their theories

S- explain one of STA 5 arguments of existence

motion- everything in the world had to be set into motion by one thing, something had to start this chain of motion- that was God

S- aristiole four causes- table

material- wood formal- blue print of table (structure or design) agent- tools (force that brings something about) final cause- eat at table

why is St. Augustine a Neoplatonist

take theory view through a Christian lenses. Neoplatonist believe Plato to understood external truths

S- difference older and younger modern philosophers

older- not have scientific facts modern-can use proven science in their argument ex. Plato theory of forms