Unit 2 Teeth Flashcards
labial surface
outer surface of incisors and canines
buccal surface
outer surface of cheek teeth
lingual surface
inner surface of the lower teeth
palatine surface
the inner surface of the upper teeth
mesial surface
surfaces that contact adjacent teeth
distal surface
surface directed away from the midline
occlusal (masticating) surface
surface facing the opposite arcade
equine deciduous formula
2 (I 3/3, C 0/0, P 3/3) =24
equine permanent formula
2 (I 3/3, C1/1, P 3(4)/3, M 3/3) = 40 (42)
Know modified triadan system
x
modified triadan system for deciduous teeth
500, 600, 700, 800
all canine teeth end in
4
all first molars end in
9
brachydont tooth consists of
crown, root, neck
crown encased in
enamel
root encased in
cementum
neck
junction between root and crown
dentin (primary dentin)
deep to enamel; provides the greater structure of the tooth;
secondary dentin
produced and laid down to protect pulp cavity
pulp cavity
vascularized conective tissue with nerves and lymphatic vessels
tooth is attached to alveolus by
periodontal ligament connecting cementum of the tooth to alveolar bone
hypsodont tooth has an extensive crown
coronal portion and reserve crown
coronal portion
exposed crown
reserve crown
unexpected crown
enamel
covers crown; invaginates into tooth to form infundibulum
cementum in hypsodont tooth
covers external surface of tooth and fills some of infundibulum
infundibulum of equine incisors
invagination of enamel extending from occlusal surface into body of the tooth; partially filled with cementum
cup
bowl-shaped central depression on occlusal surface of the incisors
enamel spot (mark or ring)
deepest part of infundibulum
dental star is
secondary dentin fills pulp cavity as tooth matures
where is the dental star located
on occlusal surface between labial edge of incisor and the cup
what color is the dental star
yellow to brown color
what is the appearance of the dental star
starts as dark line; changes to oval then to round
equine canine teeth erupt at _____ age
3.5 to 5 years of age
canine teeth are better developed in
male horses
mares canine teeth
rudimentary and commonly do not erupt through the gingiva
what are wolf teeth
maxillary first premolar
wolf teeth are present in ____ of horses
80%
when do wolf teeth erupt
in first year of life
how large are wolf teeth
1-2 cm in length; only have a single root
what are blind wolf teeth
not erupted through the gingivia
equine cheek tooth pulp cavity
narrow
infundibulum are only present in what cheek teeth
equine upper cheek teeth (no infundibulum in lower cheek teeth)
equine upper cheek teeth have ______ infundibula
2 infundibula
equine cheek teeth continue to grow until
first few years of age (5-7 yrs)
crowns erupt at ____ mm each year until _____ age
2-3 mm; 18-20 years
occlusion of cheek teeth
upper cheek teeth are more wider with complicated enamel folding; lower cheek teeth are narrower, no infundibula
infundibula fill with _____ before eruption
cementum
what are eruption bumps
transitory swellings on ventral border of mandible
eruption bumps are seen in
horses 2-4 years old
what occurs when horses have eruption bumps
remodeling of the mandible to allow for formation of mandibular cheek teeth
what are “caps”
remnants of deciduous teeth
anesthetize infraorbital nerve at _____ foramen
maxillary
how to anesthetize infraorbital nerve
insert needle ventral to zygomatic arch, 3 cm caudal to lateral canthus of the eye; desensitizes all upper teeth
anesthetize infraorbital nerve within the _____
infraorbital canal
how to anesthetize the infraorbital nerve
insert needle into infraorbital foramen; advance into infraorbital canal ~1 inch; desensitizes the teeth as far caudally as the first molar
anesthetize the alveolar nerve at the _____
mandibular foramen
how to anesthetize the alveolar nerve
insert needle on medial aspect of mandible just rostral to angle of jaw to anesthetize nerve prior to entering mandibular foramen; desensitizes all mandibular teeth
anesthetize inferior alveolar nerve within the ____
mandibular canal
how to anesthetize inferior alveolar nerve
push depressor labii inferioris muscle dorsally; insert needle into mental foramen; advance needle into the mandibular canal; desensitizes teeth as far caudally as the third premolar
lower arcade of ruminant teeth
3 incisors and 1 canine tooth
does the ruminant have an upper and lower first premolar
no
ruminant deciduous formula
2 (I 0/3, C 0/1, P 3/3) = 20
Ruminant permanent formula
2 (I 0/3, C 0/1, P 3/3, M 3/3)=32
What are fighting teeth
upper third incisors
upper canines
lower canines
what animals have fighting teeth
llama
what are the muscles of mastication
masseter
temporalis
digastricus (occipitomandibularis part in the horse)
pterygoid
muscles of mastication are innervated by
mandibular division of CN V; except caudal belly of digastricus wich is innervated by CN VII
what are the salivary glands
parotid
mandibular
sublingual
buccal (several)
lymph from upper part of head drains to
medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes
mandibular lymph nodes of horse drain to
cranial deep cervical lymph nodes
what is the collecting center for the entire head
lateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes; efferents form the tracheal trunk
