Exam 4 Week 13 Flashcards
review pelvis structures
x
pelvic inlet boundary is called the ____
terminal line
dorsal pelvic inlet boundaries in horse and ruminant
base of sacrum
lateral pelvic inlet boundary
arcuate line of ilium
ventral pelvic inlet boundary
pecten pubis
dorsal pelvic outlet boundary in horse and ruminant
caudal vertebra
lateral pelvic outlet boundary
free edge of left and right sacrosciatic ligaments
ventral pelvic outlet boundary
ischial tubers and ischial arch
roof of pelvis is composed of
sacrum and first few caudal vertebrae
floor of pelvis composed of
fused pubis and ischium
lateral part of pelvis formed by
shaft of ilium and sacrosciatic ligament
what is the pelvis axis
a line running through the pelvic center of the pelvic inlet, the pelvic cavity, and the pelvic outlet
vertical diameter of pelvis in mare
vertical line between pecten pubis and roof of pelvic cavity
conjugata of mare pelvis
distance between sacral promontory and pecten pubis
diagonal conjugata of mare pelvis
distance between sacral promontory and ischial arch
vertical diameter in the cow
vertical line between pecten pubis and roof of pelvic cavity
conjugata of cow pelvis
line between sacral promontory and pecten pubis
transverse diameter of cow pelvis
line between right and left psoas minor tubercles
perineum
body wall closing the pelvic cavity caudally
in the horse, perineum confined between
semimembranosus muscles
perineum surrounds terminal parts of
anal and urogenital canasl
perineal region is
projection of perineum on the skin
dorsal boundary of perineal region
base of tail
ventral boundary of perineal region
base of udder or scrotum
lateral boundary of perineal region
sacrotuberous ligament (in the cow), ischial tuberosity
____ and _____ regions
urogenital and anal
perineal body is art of the
perineum
perineal body is the
interlocking muscle and fascial components between anal canal and urogenital canal
perineal body can tear during
foaling in the mare; laceration results in a rectovaginal opening that needs to be repaired
pelvic diaphragm is the dorsal part of the
perineum
pelvic diaphragm closes
pelvic outlet around anus
pelvic diaphragm composed of
muscles and fascia (coccygeus m. (lateral); levator ani m. (medial))
peritoneal pouches
pararectal pouch
rectogenital pouch
vesicogenital pouch
pubovesical pouch
what is the inguinal canal
potential space
deep inguinal ring cranial boundary
caudal edge of internal abdominal oblique m.
deep inguinal ring caudal boundary
inguinal ligament (caudal edge of aponeurosis of extenal abdominal oblique m.)
superficial inguinal ring
slit in aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique m.
structures passing through inguinal canal in the male
external pudendal a/v genitofemoral nerve lymphatic vessels spermatic cord cremaster muscle
structures passing through the inguinal canal in the female
external pudendal a/v
genitofemoral n
lymphatic vessels
inguinal hernias occur in what gender
both male and female
inguinal hernias are relatively common in
male pigs
inginal hernias in what species often resolve
male foals; spontaneously during first year of live (if do not involve strangulated intestine)
inguinal hernias relatively common in
stallions
inguinal hernias in stallions usually develop after
breeding a mare, trauma or a hard workout
inguinal hernias in stallions involve
strangulated loops of intestine that descended through the vaginal ring; severe colic (abdominal pain)
inguinal hernias are rare in
cattle
pudendal nerve arises from what nerves in the horse
S [2]3-S4
pudendal nerve starts medial to
sacrosciatic ligament then becomes embedded in the ligament
pudendal nerve runs close to
internal pudendal artery
pudendal nerve is sensory to
anus, vulva, perineal skin
pudendal nerve arises from what nerves in ruminants
S2-S4
pudendal nerve is motor to
muscles of peritoneum
pudendal nerve continues as
dorsal nerve of the penis
caudal rectal nerve is sensory to
rectum, anus, perianal skin
caudal rectal nerves are motor to
dorsal perineal muscles
hypogastric nerve
sympathetic supply to the pelvic viscera
pelvic nerve
parasympathetic supply to the pelvic viscera
pelvic plexus formed by
pelvic and hypogastric nerves
dorsal border of sacrosciatic ligament is
attached to the sacrum and transverse processes of Cd1 and Cd2
ventral border of sacrosciatic ligament attached to
the ischial spine and ischial tuebr
caudal border of sacrosciatic ligament is fused with
vertebral head of semimembranosus m.
where is the greater ischiatic foramen located
cranial to the ischiatic spine
bordered by _________
greater ischiatic notch and sacrosciatic ligament
greater ischiatic forman is a passagway for
vessels and nerves
lesser ischiatic foramen (horse)
located caudal to the ischiatic spine
bordered by lesser ischiatic notch and sacrosciatic ligament
sacrosciatic ligament in ruminant boudnaries
essentially similar to the horse
due to absence of vertebral heads of the caudal thigh muscles, the caudal part of the __________ forms the dorsolateral boudnary of ischeriorectal fossasa; but it a was sweet
sacrosciatic ligament
location of mare ovaries
cranioventral to iliac wings (L5);
Halfway between last rib and tuber coxae in dorsal abdomen
location of cow ovaries
ventral part of the iliac shaft
size of equine ovaries
8-10 cm
size of bovine ovaries
4 cm
ovarian fossa shape
in mare an dbovine; wierd?
mare uterine horns located within
abdomen dorsal to the intestines
mare uterine body located
abdomen, pelvis
cow uterine body
very short, 3 cm dorsal and ventral intercornual ligament, caruncles in the endometrium
_____- species have longer uterine horns
polytocous
cervix
thick walled and easily identified during rectal palpation
cervix length in pigs
long (~25 cm); mucosal prominences
vestibular bulb
homologous to corpus spongiosum
clitoris
homologus to Corpus cavernosum of penis
clans of clitoris corresponds to
glans of the penis
transverse preputial fold plus ventral protion of the labia of the vulva corespond to
prepuce of the male
median and lateral sinuses within
glans of the clitoris
clinical significance of clitoral fossa
harbors bacteria that causes contagious equine metritis
equie testis
compressed fro m side to side and long axis being horizontal;
contraction of cremaster muscle turns it to
vertical position
epididymis runs on the ____ boder of testis
dorsal
testicular bursa
laterally
ruminant testis
elongated ellipsoidal that hang vertically within the scrotum
epididymis of ruminants follows _____ border of testis
caudomedial
tail projects ______ forming conical swelling
ventrally
boar scrotum location
in perineal region
tail of epididymis and caudal pole of testis of boar pointed ______ prominent landmark close to anus
caudodorsally
what type of penis does a horse have
musculocavernous type (corpus spongiosum, corpus cavernosum)
equine erection
increase in length three-fold; preputial fold applied to suurface of extended penis
bulbospongiousus m. continues to
free part of penis
bulbospongiosus m. on ____ aspect
ventral
bulbospongiosus m. compresses
spongiosum, expulsion of urine/semen
equine retractor penis m.
smooth muscle, origin from caudal vertebrae; decussate below rectum; withdraw penis into prepuce (sheath)
phimosis
inability to protrude penis
paraphimosis
inability to withdraw penis into sheath
penile paralysis and priapism
x erect penis does not return to its flaccid sate
what type of penis is the ruminant penis
fibroelastic type; sigmoid flexure
apical ligament
condensation of collagen fibers in tunica albginea; counterclockwise spiral
urethral recess
dorsal diverticulum of urethra
at junction of pelivic penile urethra and at sigmoid flexure
urethra narrows
ampulla not present in
boar
vesicular glands not present in
dog or cat
prostate
dog has body; diffuse is vestigual
horse only has body
small ruminants only diffuse
ox has both
bulbourethral glands
not in dog (vesetigial in tom cat)
