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Large Animal Anatomy > Exam 4 Week 13 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Week 13 Flashcards

1
Q

review pelvis structures

A

x

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2
Q

pelvic inlet boundary is called the ____

A

terminal line

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3
Q

dorsal pelvic inlet boundaries in horse and ruminant

A

base of sacrum

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4
Q

lateral pelvic inlet boundary

A

arcuate line of ilium

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5
Q

ventral pelvic inlet boundary

A

pecten pubis

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6
Q

dorsal pelvic outlet boundary in horse and ruminant

A

caudal vertebra

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7
Q

lateral pelvic outlet boundary

A

free edge of left and right sacrosciatic ligaments

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8
Q

ventral pelvic outlet boundary

A

ischial tubers and ischial arch

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9
Q

roof of pelvis is composed of

A

sacrum and first few caudal vertebrae

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10
Q

floor of pelvis composed of

A

fused pubis and ischium

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11
Q

lateral part of pelvis formed by

A

shaft of ilium and sacrosciatic ligament

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12
Q

what is the pelvis axis

A

a line running through the pelvic center of the pelvic inlet, the pelvic cavity, and the pelvic outlet

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13
Q

vertical diameter of pelvis in mare

A

vertical line between pecten pubis and roof of pelvic cavity

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14
Q

conjugata of mare pelvis

A

distance between sacral promontory and pecten pubis

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15
Q

diagonal conjugata of mare pelvis

A

distance between sacral promontory and ischial arch

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16
Q

vertical diameter in the cow

A

vertical line between pecten pubis and roof of pelvic cavity

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17
Q

conjugata of cow pelvis

A

line between sacral promontory and pecten pubis

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18
Q

transverse diameter of cow pelvis

A

line between right and left psoas minor tubercles

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19
Q

perineum

A

body wall closing the pelvic cavity caudally

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20
Q

in the horse, perineum confined between

A

semimembranosus muscles

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21
Q

perineum surrounds terminal parts of

A

anal and urogenital canasl

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22
Q

perineal region is

A

projection of perineum on the skin

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23
Q

dorsal boundary of perineal region

A

base of tail

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24
Q

ventral boundary of perineal region

A

base of udder or scrotum

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25
Q

lateral boundary of perineal region

A

sacrotuberous ligament (in the cow), ischial tuberosity

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26
Q

____ and _____ regions

A

urogenital and anal

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27
Q

perineal body is art of the

A

perineum

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28
Q

perineal body is the

A

interlocking muscle and fascial components between anal canal and urogenital canal

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29
Q

perineal body can tear during

A

foaling in the mare; laceration results in a rectovaginal opening that needs to be repaired

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30
Q

pelvic diaphragm is the dorsal part of the

A

perineum

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31
Q

pelvic diaphragm closes

A

pelvic outlet around anus

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32
Q

pelvic diaphragm composed of

A

muscles and fascia (coccygeus m. (lateral); levator ani m. (medial))

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33
Q

peritoneal pouches

A

pararectal pouch
rectogenital pouch
vesicogenital pouch
pubovesical pouch

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34
Q

what is the inguinal canal

A

potential space

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35
Q

deep inguinal ring cranial boundary

A

caudal edge of internal abdominal oblique m.

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36
Q

deep inguinal ring caudal boundary

A

inguinal ligament (caudal edge of aponeurosis of extenal abdominal oblique m.)

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37
Q

superficial inguinal ring

A

slit in aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique m.

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38
Q

structures passing through inguinal canal in the male

A 
external pudendal a/v
genitofemoral nerve
lymphatic vessels
spermatic cord
cremaster muscle
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39
Q

structures passing through the inguinal canal in the female

A

external pudendal a/v
genitofemoral n
lymphatic vessels

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40
Q

inguinal hernias occur in what gender

A

both male and female

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41
Q

inguinal hernias are relatively common in

A

male pigs

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42
Q

inginal hernias in what species often resolve

A

male foals; spontaneously during first year of live (if do not involve strangulated intestine)

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43
Q

inguinal hernias relatively common in

A

stallions

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44
Q

inguinal hernias in stallions usually develop after

A

breeding a mare, trauma or a hard workout

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45
Q

inguinal hernias in stallions involve

A

strangulated loops of intestine that descended through the vaginal ring; severe colic (abdominal pain)

46
Q

inguinal hernias are rare in

A

cattle

47
Q

pudendal nerve arises from what nerves in the horse

A

S [2]3-S4

48
Q

pudendal nerve starts medial to

A

sacrosciatic ligament then becomes embedded in the ligament

49
Q

pudendal nerve runs close to

A

internal pudendal artery

50
Q

pudendal nerve is sensory to

A

anus, vulva, perineal skin

51
Q

pudendal nerve arises from what nerves in ruminants

A

S2-S4

52
Q

pudendal nerve is motor to

A

muscles of peritoneum

53
Q

pudendal nerve continues as

A

dorsal nerve of the penis

54
Q

caudal rectal nerve is sensory to

A

rectum, anus, perianal skin

55
Q

caudal rectal nerves are motor to

A

dorsal perineal muscles

56
Q

hypogastric nerve

A

sympathetic supply to the pelvic viscera

57
Q

pelvic nerve

A

parasympathetic supply to the pelvic viscera

58
Q

pelvic plexus formed by

A

pelvic and hypogastric nerves

59
Q

dorsal border of sacrosciatic ligament is

A

attached to the sacrum and transverse processes of Cd1 and Cd2

60
Q

ventral border of sacrosciatic ligament attached to

A

the ischial spine and ischial tuebr

61
Q

caudal border of sacrosciatic ligament is fused with

A

vertebral head of semimembranosus m.

62
Q

where is the greater ischiatic foramen located

A

cranial to the ischiatic spine

63
Q

bordered by _________

A

greater ischiatic notch and sacrosciatic ligament

64
Q

greater ischiatic forman is a passagway for

A

vessels and nerves

65
Q

lesser ischiatic foramen (horse)

A

located caudal to the ischiatic spine

bordered by lesser ischiatic notch and sacrosciatic ligament

66
Q

sacrosciatic ligament in ruminant boudnaries

A

essentially similar to the horse

67
Q

due to absence of vertebral heads of the caudal thigh muscles, the caudal part of the __________ forms the dorsolateral boudnary of ischeriorectal fossasa; but it a was sweet

A

sacrosciatic ligament

68
Q

location of mare ovaries

A

cranioventral to iliac wings (L5);

Halfway between last rib and tuber coxae in dorsal abdomen

69
Q

location of cow ovaries

A

ventral part of the iliac shaft

70
Q

size of equine ovaries

A

8-10 cm

71
Q

size of bovine ovaries

A

4 cm

72
Q

ovarian fossa shape

A

in mare an dbovine; wierd?

73
Q

mare uterine horns located within

A

abdomen dorsal to the intestines

74
Q

mare uterine body located

A

abdomen, pelvis

75
Q

cow uterine body

A

very short, 3 cm dorsal and ventral intercornual ligament, caruncles in the endometrium

76
Q

_____- species have longer uterine horns

A

polytocous

77
Q

cervix

A

thick walled and easily identified during rectal palpation

78
Q

cervix length in pigs

A

long (~25 cm); mucosal prominences

79
Q

vestibular bulb

A

homologous to corpus spongiosum

80
Q

clitoris

A

homologus to Corpus cavernosum of penis

81
Q

clans of clitoris corresponds to

A

glans of the penis

82
Q

transverse preputial fold plus ventral protion of the labia of the vulva corespond to

A

prepuce of the male

83
Q

median and lateral sinuses within

A

glans of the clitoris

84
Q

clinical significance of clitoral fossa

A

harbors bacteria that causes contagious equine metritis

85
Q

equie testis

A

compressed fro m side to side and long axis being horizontal;

86
Q

contraction of cremaster muscle turns it to

A

vertical position

87
Q

epididymis runs on the ____ boder of testis

A

dorsal

88
Q

testicular bursa

A

laterally

89
Q

ruminant testis

A

elongated ellipsoidal that hang vertically within the scrotum

90
Q

epididymis of ruminants follows _____ border of testis

A

caudomedial

91
Q

tail projects ______ forming conical swelling

A

ventrally

92
Q

boar scrotum location

A

in perineal region

93
Q

tail of epididymis and caudal pole of testis of boar pointed ______ prominent landmark close to anus

A

caudodorsally

94
Q

what type of penis does a horse have

A

musculocavernous type (corpus spongiosum, corpus cavernosum)

95
Q

equine erection

A

increase in length three-fold; preputial fold applied to suurface of extended penis

96
Q

bulbospongiousus m. continues to

A

free part of penis

97
Q

bulbospongiosus m. on ____ aspect

A

ventral

98
Q

bulbospongiosus m. compresses

A

spongiosum, expulsion of urine/semen

99
Q

equine retractor penis m.

A

smooth muscle, origin from caudal vertebrae; decussate below rectum; withdraw penis into prepuce (sheath)

100
Q

phimosis

A

inability to protrude penis

101
Q

paraphimosis

A

inability to withdraw penis into sheath

102
Q

penile paralysis and priapism

A

x erect penis does not return to its flaccid sate

103
Q

what type of penis is the ruminant penis

A

fibroelastic type; sigmoid flexure

104
Q

apical ligament

A

condensation of collagen fibers in tunica albginea; counterclockwise spiral

105
Q

urethral recess

A

dorsal diverticulum of urethra

106
Q

at junction of pelivic penile urethra and at sigmoid flexure

A

urethra narrows

107
Q

ampulla not present in

A

boar

108
Q

vesicular glands not present in

A

dog or cat

109
Q

prostate

A

dog has body; diffuse is vestigual
horse only has body
small ruminants only diffuse
ox has both

110
Q

bulbourethral glands

A

not in dog (vesetigial in tom cat)

Large Animal Anatomy (14 decks)

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