Exam 3 Thoracic Cavity Flashcards
review thoracic vertebrae and ribs in lab
x
dorsal longitudinal ligament extends from
axis to sacrum
dorsal longitudinal ligament is narrow over
vertebral bodies
dorsal longitudinal ligament widens over
intervertebral discs
ventral longitudinal ligament extends from
mid-thoracic region to sacrum
ventral longitudinal ligament strongest in
lumbar region
each typical rib
two joints with vertebral column (head and tubercle)
intervertebral discs are thinnest in
mid-thorax region
intervertebral discs center
softer center (nucleus pulposus); CCT, elastic fibers, fibroblasts and other, celar cells of various sizes
intervertebral discs periphery
peripheral fibrous ring (anulus fibrosus); CCT and fibrocartilage
thoracic skeleton shape
cone-shaped cranially (thoracic inlet)
compressed ______,
laterally, cranially
thoracic cavity contains
thoracic organs;
thoracic cavity inlet
small, narrow
2 pleural cavities contain ______
contain scant amount of serous fluid;
pleural cavities are separated by
mediastinum
mediastinum is ____ in horse
weak; has delicate subpleural CCT
mediastinum thicker in the _____
ruminant
pleura is distinguished as what different parts
parietal,mediastinal, and visceral (pulmonary) pleurae
cupula pleura
crainal extent of pleura cavity (apex)
on the ______ side extends cranial to first rib (2-3) centimeters deep to scalenus m.
right side
on the left side, cupula pleura does not extend cranial to
first rib
what are the three major groups of epaxial muscles
transversospinalis system
longissimus thorasis
iliocostalis thoracis m.
know important relationships of thoracic organs (position of lungs, cranial exent of diaphragm, line of pleural reflection, position of heart)
x
caudal angle of the scapula landmark for
7th rib in horse and 6th rib in ox
olecranon lanmarks
5th rib or 5th IC space in horse
5th IC space ventrally
Horse line of pleural reflection
start at 8th and 9th costal cartilages
cross costochondral junction at 9th rib
extend line dosrocaudally in a gentle curve to the middle of the cranial border of the last rib
end at vertebral end of the 17th intercostal space
basal border of the lung in the horse
starts oat costochondral junction of the 6th rib
middle of the 11th rib
dorsal region of the 16th rib
separated from the line of pleural reflection by approximately 5cm dorsally and ventrally and as much as 15 cm in the middle
horse boundaries of auscultation of the lungs
caudal angle of the scapula
olecranon (point of the elbow)
dorsal end of the 16th rib
ox line of pleural reflection
start at the 8th costochondral junction
extend line to the 11th rib
then to the 12th rib dorsally
ox basal border of the lung
start at costochondral junction of 6th rib
end at the 11th rib dorsally
almost a straight line
ox auscultation of the lungs boundaries
cranial to triceps brachii m.
dorsal to muscles of the back
hypotenus- line from the olecranon to the 11th rib dorsally
in sheep, wool can interfere with auscultation, so at a minimum auscultate in
nonwooled area immediately behind the elbow
both lungs are divided into cranial and caudal lobes by
cardiac notch
right lung also has a _____ lobe
accessory
in horse, left lung cardiac notch at ______ ICS
3rd to 6th
in horse, right lung cardiac notch ______ ICS
3rd rib to 4th intercostal space
equine heart located in
ventral mediastinum
equine heart extends between
2nd to 6th intercostal spaces
apex of heart directly caudal to
olecranon
________ ligament present
sternopericardiac
equine puncta maxima left av valve
left 5th intercostal space just above olecranon
aortic valve puncta maxima in horse
left 4th intercostal space
pulmonary valve puncta maxima in horse
3rd intercostal space
right av valve puncta maxima in horse
low in 3rd and 4th right intercostal spaces
ox lungs
pronounced lobation due to thick connective tissue septa
ox cardiac notch location in left lung lobe
between 2 parts of cranial lung lobe
left cardiac notch location
3rd ICS to Rib 5
right lung cardiac notch
between lower parts of 3rd and 4th intercostal spaces
ox heart extends from
2nd ICS to 5th ICS
Apex of ox heart located at
6th costal cartilage just above the sternum
base of ox heart level with
last costochondral joint
ox heart left av valve puncta maxima
4 ICS and 5th Rib
aortic valve puncta maxima in ox
3rd ICS and 4th rib, 10 cm above costochondral junction
pulmonary valve puncta maxima ox
left 3rd rib, 10 cm above costochondral junction
right av valve ox heart puncta maxima
under right 4th rib and 4th ICS
Horse diaphragm extends cranially to the
6th ICS space or 6th rib (vertex)
ox diaphragm extends cranially to the
6th rib (vertex)
a majority of _____ contents are protected by the thorax
abdominal
tracheal bronchus supplies ______ in ruminants
right cranial lung lobe
tracheal bronchus located approximately the level of the
3rd rib
tracheal bronchus is present in
ruminants and swine
ventral thoracic lymphocenters in horse
cranial sternal lymphnodes; caudal sternal lymphnodes
mediastinal lymphocenter in horse
mediastinal lymphnodes cranial (2), middle, and caudal (6)
bronchial lymphocenter
tracheobronchial lnn (7 and 8) pulmonary ln locaed along bronchi in the lung tissue
lymphatic drainage of horse lungs
pulmonary lymph nodes; tracheobronchial lymph nodes; mediastinal lymph nodes; thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct
ventral thoracic lymphocenter in ruminant
sternal lns
mediastinal lymphocenter in ruminant
cranial, middle, caudal mediastinal lnns
bronchial lymphocenter in ruminnat
tracheobronhal and pulmonary lnns
caudal mediastinal lymph nodes ruminants
one or two large lymph nodes
dorsal to caudal part of thoracic esophagus
if this lymph node is enlarged-presses on esophagus and impedes eructation of rumen gas (bloat) and interferes with dorsal vagal trunk
lymphatic drainage of lungs of ruminants
lymph from lungs goes to pulmonary lymph nodes; tracheobronchial lymph nodes; mediastinal lymph nodes; thoracic duct
autonomic nerve supply within thorax includes
vagosympathetic trunk middle cervical ganglion cervicothoracic ganglion sympathetic trunk sympathetic ganglia vertebral nerve rami communicantes major splanchnic n. vagus n. left recurrent laryngeal n. dorsal vagal trunk ventral vagal trunk cardiac nns
right recurrent laryngeal nerve wraps around
right subclavian artery
left recurrent larygneal nerve wraps around
aortic arch
damage to recurrent laryngeal nerve in the horse causes
laryngeal hemiplegia
which recurrent laryngeal nerve is most commonly damaged
left
effects of damage to recurrent laryngeal n.
difficulty breathing
can impair performance
left recurrent laryngeal hemiplegia is a _____ disease
motor neuron
nerve damage or loss associated with
trauma, localized infections, certain toxins
treatment
surgical
branching of aortic arch in dog and pig branches into
brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian artery
brachiocephalic trunk of dog and pig branches into
left common carotid a.
right common carotid a.
right subclavian a.
aortic arch branching in ruminant and horse
brachiocephalic trunk
brachiocephalic trunk of ruminants and horse branches into
left subclavian a.
bicarotid trunk
right subclavian a.
descending thoracic aorta then branches into
bronchoesophageal a.
(bronchial branch and esophageal branch)
dorsal intercostal artery
brachiocephalic vein in dog and pig composed of
left subclavian vein joins left external jugu;ar vein to from brachiocephalic vein (same on right side with right subclavian)
left and right brachiocephalic veins in the dog and pig join to form the
cranial vena cava
ruminant and horse bijugular trunk composed of
left and right external jugular veins
what forms cranial vena cava in ruminant and horse
bijugular trunk joins left and right subclavian veins
left coronary artery in pig and horse
praconal interventricular brach and circumflex branch
right coronary artery of horse and pig
circumflex branch and subsinuosal interventricular branch off circumflex branch
left coronary artery in ruminants gives off
paraconal interventricular branch and circumflex branch
circumflex branch in ruminants givs off
intermediate branch and subsinuosal interventricular branch
right coronary artery of ruminants gives of
circumflex branch
