Exam 3 Thoracic Cavity Flashcards
1
Q
review thoracic vertebrae and ribs in lab
A
x
2
Q
dorsal longitudinal ligament extends from
A
axis to sacrum
3
Q
dorsal longitudinal ligament is narrow over
A
vertebral bodies
4
Q
dorsal longitudinal ligament widens over
A
intervertebral discs
5
Q
ventral longitudinal ligament extends from
A
mid-thoracic region to sacrum
6
Q
ventral longitudinal ligament strongest in
A
lumbar region
7
Q
each typical rib
A
two joints with vertebral column (head and tubercle)
8
Q
intervertebral discs are thinnest in
A
mid-thorax region
9
Q
intervertebral discs center
A
softer center (nucleus pulposus); CCT, elastic fibers, fibroblasts and other, celar cells of various sizes
10
Q
intervertebral discs periphery
A
peripheral fibrous ring (anulus fibrosus); CCT and fibrocartilage
11
Q
thoracic skeleton shape
A
cone-shaped cranially (thoracic inlet)
12
Q
compressed ______,
A
laterally, cranially
13
Q
thoracic cavity contains
A
thoracic organs;
14
Q
thoracic cavity inlet
A
small, narrow
15
Q
2 pleural cavities contain ______
A
contain scant amount of serous fluid;
16
Q
pleural cavities are separated by
A
mediastinum
17
Q
mediastinum is ____ in horse
A
weak; has delicate subpleural CCT
18
Q
mediastinum thicker in the _____
A
ruminant
19
Q
pleura is distinguished as what different parts
A
parietal,mediastinal, and visceral (pulmonary) pleurae
20
Q
cupula pleura
A
crainal extent of pleura cavity (apex)
21
Q
on the ______ side extends cranial to first rib (2-3) centimeters deep to scalenus m.
A
right side
22
Q
on the left side, cupula pleura does not extend cranial to
A
first rib
23
Q
what are the three major groups of epaxial muscles
A
transversospinalis system
longissimus thorasis
iliocostalis thoracis m.
24
Q
know important relationships of thoracic organs (position of lungs, cranial exent of diaphragm, line of pleural reflection, position of heart)
A
x
25
caudal angle of the scapula landmark for
7th rib in horse and 6th rib in ox
26
olecranon lanmarks
5th rib or 5th IC space in horse
| 5th IC space ventrally
27
Horse line of pleural reflection
start at 8th and 9th costal cartilages
cross costochondral junction at 9th rib
extend line dosrocaudally in a gentle curve to the middle of the cranial border of the last rib
end at vertebral end of the 17th intercostal space
28
basal border of the lung in the horse
starts oat costochondral junction of the 6th rib
middle of the 11th rib
dorsal region of the 16th rib
separated from the line of pleural reflection by approximately 5cm dorsally and ventrally and as much as 15 cm in the middle
29
horse boundaries of auscultation of the lungs
caudal angle of the scapula
olecranon (point of the elbow)
dorsal end of the 16th rib
30
ox line of pleural reflection
start at the 8th costochondral junction
extend line to the 11th rib
then to the 12th rib dorsally
31
ox basal border of the lung
start at costochondral junction of 6th rib
end at the 11th rib dorsally
almost a straight line
32
ox auscultation of the lungs boundaries
cranial to triceps brachii m.
dorsal to muscles of the back
hypotenus- line from the olecranon to the 11th rib dorsally
33
in sheep, wool can interfere with auscultation, so at a minimum auscultate in
nonwooled area immediately behind the elbow
34
both lungs are divided into cranial and caudal lobes by
cardiac notch
35
right lung also has a _____ lobe
accessory
36
in horse, left lung cardiac notch at ______ ICS
3rd to 6th
37
in horse, right lung cardiac notch ______ ICS
3rd rib to 4th intercostal space
38
equine heart located in
ventral mediastinum
39
equine heart extends between
2nd to 6th intercostal spaces
40
apex of heart directly caudal to
olecranon
41
________ ligament present
sternopericardiac
42
equine puncta maxima left av valve
left 5th intercostal space just above olecranon
43
aortic valve puncta maxima in horse
left 4th intercostal space
44
pulmonary valve puncta maxima in horse
3rd intercostal space
45
right av valve puncta maxima in horse
low in 3rd and 4th right intercostal spaces
46
ox lungs
pronounced lobation due to thick connective tissue septa
47
ox cardiac notch location in left lung lobe
between 2 parts of cranial lung lobe
48
left cardiac notch location
3rd ICS to Rib 5
49
right lung cardiac notch
between lower parts of 3rd and 4th intercostal spaces
50
ox heart extends from
2nd ICS to 5th ICS
51
Apex of ox heart located at
6th costal cartilage just above the sternum
52
base of ox heart level with
last costochondral joint
53
ox heart left av valve puncta maxima
4 ICS and 5th Rib
54
aortic valve puncta maxima in ox
3rd ICS and 4th rib, 10 cm above costochondral junction
55
pulmonary valve puncta maxima ox
left 3rd rib, 10 cm above costochondral junction
56
right av valve ox heart puncta maxima
under right 4th rib and 4th ICS
57
Horse diaphragm extends cranially to the
6th ICS space or 6th rib (vertex)
58
ox diaphragm extends cranially to the
6th rib (vertex)
59
a majority of _____ contents are protected by the thorax
abdominal
60
tracheal bronchus supplies ______ in ruminants
right cranial lung lobe
61
tracheal bronchus located approximately the level of the
3rd rib
62
tracheal bronchus is present in
ruminants and swine
63
ventral thoracic lymphocenters in horse
cranial sternal lymphnodes; caudal sternal lymphnodes
64
mediastinal lymphocenter in horse
mediastinal lymphnodes cranial (2), middle, and caudal (6)
65
bronchial lymphocenter
```
tracheobronchial lnn (7 and 8)
pulmonary ln locaed along bronchi in the lung tissue
```
66
lymphatic drainage of horse lungs
pulmonary lymph nodes; tracheobronchial lymph nodes; mediastinal lymph nodes; thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct
67
ventral thoracic lymphocenter in ruminant
sternal lns
68
mediastinal lymphocenter in ruminant
cranial, middle, caudal mediastinal lnns
69
bronchial lymphocenter in ruminnat
tracheobronhal and pulmonary lnns
70
caudal mediastinal lymph nodes ruminants
one or two large lymph nodes
dorsal to caudal part of thoracic esophagus
if this lymph node is enlarged-presses on esophagus and impedes eructation of rumen gas (bloat) and interferes with dorsal vagal trunk
71
lymphatic drainage of lungs of ruminants
lymph from lungs goes to pulmonary lymph nodes; tracheobronchial lymph nodes; mediastinal lymph nodes; thoracic duct
72
autonomic nerve supply within thorax includes
```
vagosympathetic trunk
middle cervical ganglion
cervicothoracic ganglion
sympathetic trunk
sympathetic ganglia
vertebral nerve
rami communicantes
major splanchnic n.
vagus n.
left recurrent laryngeal n.
dorsal vagal trunk
ventral vagal trunk
cardiac nns
```
73
right recurrent laryngeal nerve wraps around
right subclavian artery
74
left recurrent larygneal nerve wraps around
aortic arch
75
damage to recurrent laryngeal nerve in the horse causes
laryngeal hemiplegia
76
which recurrent laryngeal nerve is most commonly damaged
left
77
effects of damage to recurrent laryngeal n.
difficulty breathing
| can impair performance
78
left recurrent laryngeal hemiplegia is a _____ disease
motor neuron
79
nerve damage or loss associated with
trauma, localized infections, certain toxins
80
treatment
surgical
81
branching of aortic arch in dog and pig branches into
brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian artery
82
brachiocephalic trunk of dog and pig branches into
left common carotid a.
right common carotid a.
right subclavian a.
83
aortic arch branching in ruminant and horse
brachiocephalic trunk
84
brachiocephalic trunk of ruminants and horse branches into
left subclavian a.
bicarotid trunk
right subclavian a.
85
descending thoracic aorta then branches into
bronchoesophageal a.
(bronchial branch and esophageal branch)
dorsal intercostal artery
86
brachiocephalic vein in dog and pig composed of
left subclavian vein joins left external jugu;ar vein to from brachiocephalic vein (same on right side with right subclavian)
87
left and right brachiocephalic veins in the dog and pig join to form the
cranial vena cava
88
ruminant and horse bijugular trunk composed of
left and right external jugular veins
89
what forms cranial vena cava in ruminant and horse
bijugular trunk joins left and right subclavian veins
90
left coronary artery in pig and horse
praconal interventricular brach and circumflex branch
91
right coronary artery of horse and pig
circumflex branch and subsinuosal interventricular branch off circumflex branch
92
left coronary artery in ruminants gives off
paraconal interventricular branch and circumflex branch
93
circumflex branch in ruminants givs off
intermediate branch and subsinuosal interventricular branch
94
right coronary artery of ruminants gives of
circumflex branch
