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Large Animal Anatomy > Exam 3 Thoracic Cavity > Flashcards

Exam 3 Thoracic Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

review thoracic vertebrae and ribs in lab

A

x

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2
Q

dorsal longitudinal ligament extends from

A

axis to sacrum

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3
Q

dorsal longitudinal ligament is narrow over

A

vertebral bodies

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4
Q

dorsal longitudinal ligament widens over

A

intervertebral discs

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5
Q

ventral longitudinal ligament extends from

A

mid-thoracic region to sacrum

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6
Q

ventral longitudinal ligament strongest in

A

lumbar region

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7
Q

each typical rib

A

two joints with vertebral column (head and tubercle)

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8
Q

intervertebral discs are thinnest in

A

mid-thorax region

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9
Q

intervertebral discs center

A

softer center (nucleus pulposus); CCT, elastic fibers, fibroblasts and other, celar cells of various sizes

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10
Q

intervertebral discs periphery

A

peripheral fibrous ring (anulus fibrosus); CCT and fibrocartilage

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11
Q

thoracic skeleton shape

A

cone-shaped cranially (thoracic inlet)

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12
Q

compressed ______,

A

laterally, cranially

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13
Q

thoracic cavity contains

A

thoracic organs;

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14
Q

thoracic cavity inlet

A

small, narrow

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15
Q

2 pleural cavities contain ______

A

contain scant amount of serous fluid;

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16
Q

pleural cavities are separated by

A

mediastinum

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17
Q

mediastinum is ____ in horse

A

weak; has delicate subpleural CCT

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18
Q

mediastinum thicker in the _____

A

ruminant

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19
Q

pleura is distinguished as what different parts

A

parietal,mediastinal, and visceral (pulmonary) pleurae

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20
Q

cupula pleura

A

crainal extent of pleura cavity (apex)

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21
Q

on the ______ side extends cranial to first rib (2-3) centimeters deep to scalenus m.

A

right side

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22
Q

on the left side, cupula pleura does not extend cranial to

A

first rib

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23
Q

what are the three major groups of epaxial muscles

A

transversospinalis system
longissimus thorasis
iliocostalis thoracis m.

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24
Q

know important relationships of thoracic organs (position of lungs, cranial exent of diaphragm, line of pleural reflection, position of heart)

A

x

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25
Q

caudal angle of the scapula landmark for

A

7th rib in horse and 6th rib in ox

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26
Q

olecranon lanmarks

A

5th rib or 5th IC space in horse

5th IC space ventrally

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27
Q

Horse line of pleural reflection

A

start at 8th and 9th costal cartilages
cross costochondral junction at 9th rib
extend line dosrocaudally in a gentle curve to the middle of the cranial border of the last rib
end at vertebral end of the 17th intercostal space

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28
Q

basal border of the lung in the horse

A

starts oat costochondral junction of the 6th rib
middle of the 11th rib
dorsal region of the 16th rib
separated from the line of pleural reflection by approximately 5cm dorsally and ventrally and as much as 15 cm in the middle

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29
Q

horse boundaries of auscultation of the lungs

A

caudal angle of the scapula
olecranon (point of the elbow)
dorsal end of the 16th rib

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30
Q

ox line of pleural reflection

A

start at the 8th costochondral junction
extend line to the 11th rib
then to the 12th rib dorsally

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31
Q

ox basal border of the lung

A

start at costochondral junction of 6th rib
end at the 11th rib dorsally
almost a straight line

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32
Q

ox auscultation of the lungs boundaries

A

cranial to triceps brachii m.
dorsal to muscles of the back
hypotenus- line from the olecranon to the 11th rib dorsally

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33
Q

in sheep, wool can interfere with auscultation, so at a minimum auscultate in

A

nonwooled area immediately behind the elbow

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34
Q

both lungs are divided into cranial and caudal lobes by

A

cardiac notch

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35
Q

right lung also has a _____ lobe

A

accessory

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36
Q

in horse, left lung cardiac notch at ______ ICS

A

3rd to 6th

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37
Q

in horse, right lung cardiac notch ______ ICS

A

3rd rib to 4th intercostal space

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38
Q

equine heart located in

A

ventral mediastinum

39
Q

equine heart extends between

A

2nd to 6th intercostal spaces

40
Q

apex of heart directly caudal to

A

olecranon

41
Q

________ ligament present

A

sternopericardiac

42
Q

equine puncta maxima left av valve

A

left 5th intercostal space just above olecranon

43
Q

aortic valve puncta maxima in horse

A

left 4th intercostal space

44
Q

pulmonary valve puncta maxima in horse

A

3rd intercostal space

45
Q

right av valve puncta maxima in horse

A

low in 3rd and 4th right intercostal spaces

46
Q

ox lungs

A

pronounced lobation due to thick connective tissue septa

47
Q

ox cardiac notch location in left lung lobe

A

between 2 parts of cranial lung lobe

48
Q

left cardiac notch location

A

3rd ICS to Rib 5

49
Q

right lung cardiac notch

A

between lower parts of 3rd and 4th intercostal spaces

50
Q

ox heart extends from

A

2nd ICS to 5th ICS

51
Q

Apex of ox heart located at

A

6th costal cartilage just above the sternum

52
Q

base of ox heart level with

A

last costochondral joint

53
Q

ox heart left av valve puncta maxima

A

4 ICS and 5th Rib

54
Q

aortic valve puncta maxima in ox

A

3rd ICS and 4th rib, 10 cm above costochondral junction

55
Q

pulmonary valve puncta maxima ox

A

left 3rd rib, 10 cm above costochondral junction

56
Q

right av valve ox heart puncta maxima

A

under right 4th rib and 4th ICS

57
Q

Horse diaphragm extends cranially to the

A

6th ICS space or 6th rib (vertex)

58
Q

ox diaphragm extends cranially to the

A

6th rib (vertex)

59
Q

a majority of _____ contents are protected by the thorax

A

abdominal

60
Q

tracheal bronchus supplies ______ in ruminants

A

right cranial lung lobe

61
Q

tracheal bronchus located approximately the level of the

A

3rd rib

62
Q

tracheal bronchus is present in

A

ruminants and swine

63
Q

ventral thoracic lymphocenters in horse

A

cranial sternal lymphnodes; caudal sternal lymphnodes

64
Q

mediastinal lymphocenter in horse

A

mediastinal lymphnodes cranial (2), middle, and caudal (6)

65
Q

bronchial lymphocenter

A 
tracheobronchial lnn (7 and 8)
pulmonary ln locaed along bronchi in the lung tissue
66
Q

lymphatic drainage of horse lungs

A

pulmonary lymph nodes; tracheobronchial lymph nodes; mediastinal lymph nodes; thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct

67
Q

ventral thoracic lymphocenter in ruminant

A

sternal lns

68
Q

mediastinal lymphocenter in ruminant

A

cranial, middle, caudal mediastinal lnns

69
Q

bronchial lymphocenter in ruminnat

A

tracheobronhal and pulmonary lnns

70
Q

caudal mediastinal lymph nodes ruminants

A

one or two large lymph nodes
dorsal to caudal part of thoracic esophagus
if this lymph node is enlarged-presses on esophagus and impedes eructation of rumen gas (bloat) and interferes with dorsal vagal trunk

71
Q

lymphatic drainage of lungs of ruminants

A

lymph from lungs goes to pulmonary lymph nodes; tracheobronchial lymph nodes; mediastinal lymph nodes; thoracic duct

72
Q

autonomic nerve supply within thorax includes

A 
vagosympathetic trunk
middle cervical ganglion
cervicothoracic ganglion
sympathetic trunk
sympathetic ganglia
vertebral nerve
rami communicantes
major splanchnic n.
vagus n.
left recurrent laryngeal n.
dorsal vagal trunk
ventral vagal trunk
cardiac nns
73
Q

right recurrent laryngeal nerve wraps around

A

right subclavian artery

74
Q

left recurrent larygneal nerve wraps around

A

aortic arch

75
Q

damage to recurrent laryngeal nerve in the horse causes

A

laryngeal hemiplegia

76
Q

which recurrent laryngeal nerve is most commonly damaged

A

left

77
Q

effects of damage to recurrent laryngeal n.

A

difficulty breathing

can impair performance

78
Q

left recurrent laryngeal hemiplegia is a _____ disease

A

motor neuron

79
Q

nerve damage or loss associated with

A

trauma, localized infections, certain toxins

80
Q

treatment

A

surgical

81
Q

branching of aortic arch in dog and pig branches into

A

brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian artery

82
Q

brachiocephalic trunk of dog and pig branches into

A

left common carotid a.
right common carotid a.
right subclavian a.

83
Q

aortic arch branching in ruminant and horse

A

brachiocephalic trunk

84
Q

brachiocephalic trunk of ruminants and horse branches into

A

left subclavian a.
bicarotid trunk
right subclavian a.

85
Q

descending thoracic aorta then branches into

A

bronchoesophageal a.
(bronchial branch and esophageal branch)
dorsal intercostal artery

86
Q

brachiocephalic vein in dog and pig composed of

A

left subclavian vein joins left external jugu;ar vein to from brachiocephalic vein (same on right side with right subclavian)

87
Q

left and right brachiocephalic veins in the dog and pig join to form the

A

cranial vena cava

88
Q

ruminant and horse bijugular trunk composed of

A

left and right external jugular veins

89
Q

what forms cranial vena cava in ruminant and horse

A

bijugular trunk joins left and right subclavian veins

90
Q

left coronary artery in pig and horse

A

praconal interventricular brach and circumflex branch

91
Q

right coronary artery of horse and pig

A

circumflex branch and subsinuosal interventricular branch off circumflex branch

92
Q

left coronary artery in ruminants gives off

A

paraconal interventricular branch and circumflex branch

93
Q

circumflex branch in ruminants givs off

A

intermediate branch and subsinuosal interventricular branch

94
Q

right coronary artery of ruminants gives of

A

circumflex branch

Large Animal Anatomy (14 decks)

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