Unit 2 Surviving And Avoiding Adverse Conditions

Question 1

What are three types of adaptations organisms can posses to help survive adverse conditions?

Answer 1

• structural
• physiological
• behavioural

Question 2

Explain how large ears help the desert fox to survive and to keep cool in desert conditions?

Answer 2

Large ear to body size ratio. Large ears help to dispel body heat by radiation to help keep the fox cool

Question 3

What type of adaptation would eat size be?

Answer 3

Structural

Question 4

What do we mean by physiological adaptation?

Answer 4

How the body of an organism and metabolic rate operate

Question 5

Why do organisms have to have to survival strategies against adverse conditions?

Answer 5

To cope with fluctuations which can be cyclical or unpredictable, organisms have to have means to survive and avoid them

Question 6

Define dormancy:

Answer 6

Reduction in metabolic rate made by organisms to survive adverse conditions

Question 7

An animal reduces its metabolic rate during dormant periods- list 3 others things that decrease in an animals body during dormant periods?

Answer 7

• Body temperature
• Breathing rate
• Heart rate

Question 8

What is predictable dormancy?

Answer 8

When an organism becomes dormant before the onset adverse conditions
•live in predictable environments
•genetically controlled

Question 9

What is consequential dormancy?

Answer 9

When an organism becomes dormant after the onset of adverse conditions
•live in more unpredictable environments

Question 10

Why is undergoing a period of dormancy a useful strategy to avoid adverse conditions?

Answer 10

Dormancy helps an animal survive adverse conditions by decreasing metabolic rate therefore energy is conserved

Question 11

What are 3 examples of dormancy in animals:

Answer 11

• hibernation
• aestivation
• Daily torpor

Question 12

What conditions does aestivation help an animal to survive?

Answer 12

Temperatures/climates that are too hot or too dry

Question 13

How does aestivation help an animal to survive Adverse conditions?

Answer 13

Involves borrowing to reduce temperature and reduction of metabolism

Question 14

What conditions does hibernation help an animal to survive?

Answer 14

Temperatures/climates that are too low and temperature/lack of food

Question 15

How does hibernation help the animals to survive these conditions?

Answer 15

A decrease is metabolic activity, body temperature, heart rate and breathing rate

Question 16

Define migration?

Answer 16

Migration is the relatively long distance movement of individuals on a seasonal basis

Question 17

Describe daily torpor and how it helps an organism manage its metabolic rate?

Answer 17

A period of reduced activity for animals with high Metabolism for when they are not foraging/when foraging would be unsuccessful

Question 18

What are displacement experiments?

Answer 18

When migrating organisms are removed/displaced to a new location to see which direction they will travel

Question 19

What is innate behaviour?

Answer 19

Innate behaviour is being performed in the same way by every member of the species I just usually response to external stimulus. It is inherited and un flexible

Question 20

What is learned behaviour?

Answer 20

Learned behaviours are gained by experience and are flexible learned behaviours can help an animal if something goes wrong on their migration

Question 21

Are migratory behaviours and innate or learned?

Answer 21

Innate

Learned behaviours play a secondary role in migration

Question 22

What do you follow funnel cages help us to track and record?

Answer 22

The direction of travel abroad wants to take

Question 23

What are two methods we can use to keep track of an individual organism that are migrating?

Answer 23

Individual marking

Satellite tracking

Question 24

What is an advantage of each method to track an organism migrating?

Answer 24

Individual tracking – is low-cost but means you have to recapture the birds
Satellite tracking – high cost but animals don’t need to be recaptured

Question 25

What is hibernation?

Answer 25

Hibernation is a way in which animals survive winter conditions. It involves physiological changes such as lower body temp, heart rate and breathing rate and is know as the ‘winter sleep’

Question 26

What is aestivation?

Answer 26

Aestivation is a way in which animals survive hot conditions. By lowering their metabolism in what is know as the ‘summer sleep’