Unit 2 Metablic Rate And Conformers And Regulators Flashcards
Define metabolic rate:
Is the amount of energy consumed by an organism per unit time (The rate of biochemical reactions)
List three factors we can measure to compare metabolic rates of organisms:
Oxygen consumption per unit time
Carbon dioxide production per unit time
Energy production (heat) per unit time
Name two pieces of equipment that can help us measure metabolic rate:
Respirometer, calorimeter
Describe the Circulatory system of fish. Include detail on heart structure Flow of blood and efficiency:
Heart -> Gills-> body-> capillaries—|
^_____________________________
Blood passes through the two chambered heart once
Through the gill capillaries at high-pressure
Drops pressure and flows more slowly through the body capillaries
Relatively inefficient method
How can you tell if it’s an incomplete double circulatory system?
As it has two Atria and only one ventricle
Which group of organisms has an incomplete double circulatory system?
Amphibians and reptiles
Do animals with an incomplete double circulatory system have a higher or lower metabolic rate them fish?
A higher
Which two group of organisms have a double complete circulatory system?
Mammals and birds
How does a complete double circulatory system compare to that of an incomplete double circulatory system?
Passes through the heart twice
Has two atria and two ventricles
There is no mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
What is a conformer?
A conformer does not make any alterations to the metabolic rate by physiological means therefore they usually live on stable environments
Define a regulator:
Regulators can alter their metabolic rate in order to maintain a steady internal state this requires Physiological mechanisms
Name and advantage and a disadvantage of being a conformer:
Advantage: they have a low metabolic cost by not having to maintain a steady internal state
Disadvantage: restricted to a narrow ecological niche and less adaptable to environmental change
Name and advantage and a disadvantage of being a regulator:
Advantage: they can exploit a wide range of ecological niches
Disadvantage: more energy is expended on physiological mechanisms needed to control internal conditions therefore metabolic costs are high
List two common abiotic factors that might affect metabolic rate of an organism:
Temperature and salinity
How might can formers try and maintain an optimum metabolic rate?
By their behavioural responses to abiotic change
What is negative feedback?
Negative feedback is maintaining the “norm”
Receptors detect changes and send messages to effectors which bring about responses to contract the conditions
What name is given to a cell that constantly monitors the internal environment and detects changes?
Receptors
What name is given to the muscle or gland is that respond to messages and return conditions to their optimum?
Effectors
Define physiological homoeostasis:
Physiological homoeostasis is the maintenance of the bodies internal environments despite changes in it’s external environment
Why is Thermo-regulation important for metabolism and metabolic processes?
It’s important for enzyme controlled reactions
-As enzyme controlled reactions need to proceed optimal rates (35 to 40°C) these temperatures are not too high so that the enzyme does not denature
It’s also important for molecular diffusion
-to proceed optimal rates the temperature has to be decently high But not too high that will denature the enzymes
What is an ectotherm?
They’re unable to maintain their body temperature is by physiological means
What is an endotherm?
And endotherm can maintain their body temperature independently from that of the environment
What is the temperature monitoring Centre of the brain?
The hypothalamus
What is the hypothalamus full of?
Thermo receptors
