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Higher Biology > Unit 2 Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Unit 2 Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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2
Q

What is the word equation for the breakdown of ATP?

A

ATP-> ADP +Pi (+energy)

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3
Q

Why is ATP important for cells?

A

As it is the link between catabolic and anabolic reactions.

It provides the means for chemical energy to be transferred in a living cell

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4
Q

Do we have a vast store of ATP in the body?

A

No – as ATP is continuously being made at the same time as it is being used

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5
Q

Define phosphorylation:

A

Phosphorylation is an enzyme controlled reaction by which phosphate group is added to a molecule

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6
Q

Define cellular respiration:

A

Cellular respiration is a series of metabolic pathways that release energy from food and generate a high energy compound called ATP

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7
Q

What’s the basic word equation for cellular respiration?

A

Glucose +oxygen -> CO2+ H2O (+ATP)

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8
Q

Which stage of respiration produces CO2?

A

The citric acid cycle

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9
Q

Which stage of respiration produces water?

A

The electron transport chain

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10
Q

Which two stages of respiration require oxygen?

A

The electron transport chain and the citric acid cycle

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11
Q

Which stage of respiration does not require oxygen?

A

Glycolysis

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12
Q

What is glucose broken down to during glycolysis?

A

Pyruvate

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13
Q

Name the parts of the cell found within the mitochondria:

A 
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
Matrix (fluid)
Inter membrane space
Cristae (1=crista)
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14
Q

In which part of the cell does glycolysis occur?

A

Cytoplasm of the cell

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15
Q

Where does the citric acid cycle take place within a cell?

A

In the matrix of the mitochondria

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16
Q

Where does the electron transport chain take place within a cell?

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

17
Q

Name two key enzymes involved in respiration?

A

ATP synthase

Dehydrogenase enzyme

18
Q

What is NAD and what is its role in respiration?

A

NAD is a co-enzyme used to carry hydrogen to form NADH it is also used to transport hydrogen to the electron transport chain

19
Q

What two stages of respiration produce NADH?

A

The citric acid cycle and glycolysis

20
Q

What do we call the two stages of glycolysis?

A

Energy investment

Energy pay off

21
Q

Why is the use of ATP in glycolysis considered to be an investment?

A

As it puts 2 ATP in at the beginning and gets 4 ATP back at the end making a net gain of 2ATP

22
Q

How does NAD obtain hydrogen ions in glycolysis?

A

Dehydrogenase enzymes remove hydrogen ions from a substrate and pass them on to NAD to form NADH

23
Q

Who discovered the citric acid cycle and what is it sometimes known as?

A

Hans Krebs

Krebs cycle

24
Q

Why is the citric acid cycle called the citric acid cycle?

A

As acetal coenzyme A breaks down oxeloacetate into citrate

25
Q

List three substances produced in the citric acid cycle (as waste or to be used in another reaction):

A

Carbon dioxide which is released

Generate ATP and NADH for the electron transport chain

26
Q

What other co-enzyme (Other than NAD) is involved in the citric acid cycle?

A

Coenzyme A

27
Q

Define fermentation:

A

Fermentation is the process by which little energy is derived from the partial breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen

28
Q

How much ATP is produced Through fermentation?

A

2

29
Q

What is the word equation for fermentation in animal cells?

A

Glucose-> pyruvate-> lactate (+ATP)

30
Q

Is fermentation in an animal cell reversible or irreversible?

A

Reversible

31
Q

What do we call the accumulation of lactate in the body?

A

Oxygen debt

32
Q

What is the word equation for fermentation in a plant or yeast cell?

A

Glucose-> pyruvate-> ethanol +CO2 (+ATP)

33
Q

Is fermentation in a plant or yeast cells reversible or irreversible?

A

Irreversible

34
Q

Give one example of one plant cell might be short of oxygen:

A

In water logged soil

35
Q

The bottom part of the cell in the electron transport chain is?

A

Matrix

36
Q

The top part of the cell in the electron transport chain is?

A

Inner membrane space

37
Q

What is the enzyme at work in the electron transport chain?

A

ATP synthase

38
Q

What is the electron transport chain (specifically)?

A

A group of carrier proteins in bedded in the membrane

Higher Biology (18 decks)

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