Unit 2 Genetic Control Of Metabolism Flashcards
List the features of a bacterial cell?
Cytoplasm Circular chromosome (DNA) Cell membrane Capsule Cell wall Plasmid Ribosome Flagellum
List the features of a yeast cell?
Cytoplasm Cell wall Cell membrane Vacuole Mitochondria Ribosomes
It’s a bacterial cell eukaryotic a prokaryotic and how do you know?
A bacterial cell is prokaryotic as it has no nucleus
Is are yeast cell eukaryotic or prokaryotic and how do you know?
Are yeast cell is eukaryotic as it has a nucleus ‘true nucleus’
Explain why we might want to genetically controls metabolism of a micro organism?
There is “wild type” which is the natural form of a micro organism which has some desirable traits but also lacks others
Genetic stability
Ability to grow on low-cost nutrients
Ability to vastly over produce the target compound
Ability to allow easy harvesting of the product
Define A mutation
A mutation is the change in structure or amount of an organism genome
Define mutagenesis
Mutagenesis is the creation of mutations
Name three mutagenic agents
UV light
Other radiation e.g. x-rays, gamma rays
Mutagenic chemicals
How do you scientist study the effects of a mutation on a specific gene?
Scientists can use site specific mutagenes to study the effect of mutations on a gene
What is recombinant DNA technology?
Recumbent DNA technology involves the transfer of Gene sequences from one organism to another
What is a restriction endonuclease and what does it do?
I restriction endonuclease is it enzyme extracted from bacteria
It is used to cut DNA fragments and to Cleeve open the bacterial plasmid to receive it
What is DNA ligase and what does it do?
DNA ligase is an enzyme which is a sticky ends together
It is used to seal DNA fragments into bacterial plasmid the form of recombinant plasmid containing a recombinant DNA
Name two types of Vectors which can carry genetic materials?
Recombinant plasmids
Artificial chromosomes
When our artificial chromosomes useful?
They are useful as vectors to carry foreign genetic material
What are the five main features of a plasmid which make it an effective vector?
A Safety gene A marker gene An origin of replication A regulatory sequence A restriction site
What is the job of the restriction site?
Is the site is a sequence of DNA where a restriction endonuclease enzyme cuts the plasmid open for inserting the gene
What is the job of the origin of replication?
The origin of replication allows for self replication of the plasmid when it is put into the bacterial cell
What is the job of the regulatory sequence?
Regular Tory sequence controls gene expression
What is the job of the selectable marker gene?
E.g. antibiotic resistance Gene to allow the scientist to check whether the plasmid has been successfully transferred to the cell-if yes, the cell will survive exposure to the antibiotic- if no, the cell will die
What is the job of a safety Gene?
Safety Gene are often also inserted to prevent the survival of a micro organism and external environments
What is the difference between you eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA?
Eukaryotic DNA contains cells which have a nucleus
Prokaryotic DNA cells do not have a nucleus
Why can we not always clone and express a eukaryotic Gene in a prokaryotic organisms?
As it may result in an inactive/incorrectly folded polypeptide
What micro organisms do we use instead of prokaryotic organisms?
Active animal/ plant proteins
